Spindle Epithelial Tumor With Thymus-Like Differentiation (SETTLE) Misdiagnosed as Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Case Report.

Spindle epithelial tumor with thymus-like differentiation (SETTLE), a rare tumor of the thyroid gland, is difficult to diagnose irrespective of its unique morphology. It is usually misdiagnosed as synovial sarcoma, thymoma, teratoma, or other thyroid carcinomas. In the current case report, we detail a case of a 36-year-old male patient who presented with thyroid swelling that was initially misdiagnosed as papillary thyroid carcinoma instead of SETTLE.

Tumefactive Demyelination: A Common Radiological Masquerader of Malignancy and the Expeditious Diagnostic Applicability of Crush Smear Cytology.

Tumefactive demyelinations (TDs) are demyelinating central nervous system lesions that masquerade as neoplastic lesions on radiological images. Brain biopsy is often required for confirmatory diagnosis. Since crush cytology has become a routine practice, a thorough knowledge of the cytomorphologic features of TD is required to prevent misdiagnosis.

Reappraising Schwannoma-Hemangioma Composite Tumors as Synchronous Tumorigenic Entities With Conjoined Histomorphology: A Case Report.

The most common peripheral nerve sheath and vascular tumors are schwannomas and hemangiomas, respectively. These tumors can affect any organ system and usually occur as separate morphologic and diagnostic entities. Herein, we describe the case of a 24-year-old woman with a tumor demonstrating composite differentiation to both cavernous hemangioma and schwannoma in the scalp.

The Combined Utility of HBME-1 and Galectin-3 Immunohistochemistry and BRAF V600E Mutations in the Diagnosis of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.

Newer diagnostic modalities have revolutionized the pathologist's approach to diagnosing thyroid malignancies. Molecular characterization of these malignancies has helped circumvent common morphologic diagnostic difficulties by integrating their genotypic, phenotypic, and immunohistochemical features. V600E mutation has been characterized as highly specific for thyroid carcinoma, especially papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC); human bone marrow endothelial marker-1 (HBME-1) and galectin-3 are also such markers that are highly specific for PTC.

Syringomatous Adenoma of the Nipple in a Male Breast: A Case Report With a Brief Review of Literature and Histomorphological Approach to Diagnosis.

Syringomatous adenoma of the nipple (SAN) is a benign and locally infiltrative lesion possibly arising from the sweat gland ducts in the nipple-areolar region. This rare lesion has been reported in the female breast; however, reports on the male breast are extremely rare. Although benign, SAN has a high risk of recurrence.

Reviewing Schwannoma-Hemangioma Composite Tumors With Their Tumorigenetic Molecular Pathways and Associated Syndromic Manifestations.

Schwannomas are common peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Cavernous hemangiomas are vascular tumors that can affect any organ system. The coexistence of cavernous hemangioma with peripheral nervous system neoplasms is a rare occurrence.

Correlation of the Expression of BRAF V600E Mutation With Various Phenotypic Expressions of Thyroid Neoplasms.

Aims We aimed to assess the incidence of the BRAF V600E mutation in thyroid neoplasms at a tertiary care center and its association with various phenotypic features. Methods and material We included all cases diagnosed as thyroid neoplasm in the past decade at the Department of Pathology of our institute and obtained their clinical details from the medical records department of the institute after obtaining permission from the authorities and due International Human Epigenome Consortium clearance. We included data on age, sex, clinical presentation, hormone status, and T and N status of the malignant neoplasms.

Malignancy-induced hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a case of signet ring cell carcinoma of the stomach.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare and potentially life-threatening condition associated with high mortality and can be classified into primary (familial) and secondary HLH. Primary HLH is an inherited, autosomal recessive disorder associated with defects in perforin function, whereas secondary HLH is associated with infections, especially Epstein-Barr virus infection, malignancies, and autoimmune disorders. Patients with malignancy-associated secondary HLH experience symptoms that overlap with those described for other HLH types, which is associated with an increased incidence of misdiagnosis and mortality.

Epithelioid Haemangioma of Bone: A Case Series and Comprehensive Literature Review Reappraising the Diagnostic Classification of All Epithelioid Vascular Neoplasms of Bone.

Epithelioid vascular neoplasms of the bone are classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) into only two tiers: low-grade epithelioid hemangioma (EH) and a more malignant category including both epithelioid hemangioendothelioma and epithelioid angiosarcoma. The World Health Organization defines bone EH as a locally aggressive neoplasm with no connotation of benign or intermediate malignancy. We reviewed three cases of EH in our lab archives with the perspective of appraising their histomorphological approach toward diagnosis.

Subcutaneous Sacro Coccygeal Myxopapillary Ependymoma: A Case Report and a Comprehensive Review of the Literature Reappraising Its Current Diagnostic Approach and Management.

Sacrococcygeal myxopapillary ependymoma (MPE) is an uncommon type I glial tumor detected most frequently in the lumbosacral area of adolescents and children. It is usually presented as an intradural ependymal tumor that originates from the filum terminale and other locations within the ventricular system along the craniospinal axis. In rare cases, however, MPE may develop as a primary subcutaneous tumor in the sacrococcygeal area.

Vessel Subinvolution of the Placental Implantation Site: A Case Report and Review of Supportive Literature.

Subinvolution of the implantation site is a significant contributor to delayed postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). There is immense literature documenting the histologic features, development, and involution of the uteroplacental site; however, practice-oriented literature on subinvolution of the implantation site is sparse. In the present study, we briefly review the physiologic characteristics associated with the normal development and involution of uteroplacental arteries and the proposed pathophysiologic attributes of subinvolution.

Correlation between Immunohistochemical and Histomorphological Features of Ampullary Carcinomas: A Study on 72 Cases from a Tertiary Health Care Center.

Tumors involving the ampulla could be arising primarily in the ampulla or extending from the adjacent. When a neoplasm is centered primarily in the ampulla with or without periampullary mucosal involvement, it is considered a primary ampullary carcinoma. These tumors generally have a better prognosis than duodenal and pancreaticobiliary neoplasms secondarily involving the ampulla.

Adamantinoma-Like Ewing's Family Tumor of the Sino Nasal Region: A Case Report and a Brief Review of Literature.

Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors (EFTs) are malignant mesenchymal tumors with a predilection for bone and soft tissue. They are characterized by their monomorphic small blue round cell morphology. However rare morphologic variants of EFTs can also show overt epithelial differentiation in the form of squamoid differentiation along with strong cytokeratin expression.

Rudimentary Meningocele of the Scalp: A Pitfall in the Diagnosis of Vascular Neoplasms.

We present a case of sequestrated meningocele in a 1-year-old girl, who presented with a 1x1cm occipital swelling since birth. CT brain revealed the soft tissue swelling to be extracranial. She underwent surgical excision of the specimen and the excised mass was sent for histopathological examination.

Excision of Mucocele Using Diode Laser in Lower Lip.

Mucoceles are nonneoplastic cystic lesions of major and minor salivary glands which result from the accumulation of mucus. These lesions are most commonly seen in children. Though usually these lesions can be treated by local surgical excision, in our case, to avoid intraoperative surgical complications like bleeding and edema and to enable better healing, excision was done using a diode laser in the wavelength of 940 nm.

Palatal Swelling: A Diagnostic Enigma.

Giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone is a giant-cell-rich bony lesion associated with abundant multinucleated osteoclast-type giant cells. It is a primary neoplasm of bone with characteristic clinical, radiological, and pathological features. It is an expansive and lytic lesion without periosteal reaction and prominent peripheral sclerosis.

Extraction of impacted mandibular third molars - the effect of osteotomy at two speeds on peripheral bone: a histopathological analysis.

The aim of this study was to find out the ideal speed for making a precise osteotomy with minimal damage to the surrounding bone. Thirty-six patients were divided into two groups (n=18 in each) depending on the speed of the handpiece used for osteotomy (slow=20000rpm and fast=40000rpm). Samples were taken from the peripheral bone and examined histologically to measure the margins of the osteotomy, the amount of debris produced, and the degree of thermal osteonecrosis.

BRD7 promoter hypermethylation as an indicator of well differentiated oral squamous cell carcinomas.

Background: Promoter hypermethylation mediated gene silencing of tumor suppressor genes is considered as most frequent mechanism than genetic aberrations such as mutations in the development of cancers. BRD7 is a single bromodomain containing protein that functions as a subunit of SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex to regulate transcription. It also interacts with the well know tumor suppressor protein p53 to trans- activate genes involved in cell cycle arrest.

Bifocal distraction to regenerate segmental mandibular defects using a custom made device: a report of two cases.

Background And Objective: Mandibular reconstruction following tumor ablative surgery had been a challenge. It has gone through days of temporary stabilization with k-wire, stainless steel reconstruction plate to avascularized and vascularized bone grafts with varying degree of success and failure. Reconstruction with vascularized bone grafts, though most definitive, requires special expertise, expensive equipment, and long operative time.