Amelioration of diabetic nephropathy using pomegranate peel extract-stabilized gold nanoparticles: assessment of NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling system.

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN), an end-stage renal disorder, has posed a menace to humankind globally, because of its complex nature and poorly understandable intricate mechanism. In recent times, functional foods as potential health benefits have been gaining attention of consumers and researchers alike. Rich in antioxidants, the peel and seed of pomegranate have previously demonstrated protection against oxidative-stress-related diseases, including cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, and cancer.

Gold‑manganese oxide nanocomposite suppresses hypoxia and augments pro-inflammatory cytokines in tumor associated macrophages.

The tumor microenvironment, essentially hypoxic, is sustained by the hypoxia inducing factor (HIF), released from the pro-tumorigenic tumor associated macrophages (TAMs), functionally identical to the M2 phenotype macrophages. Stability of HIF mainly depends on molecular oxygen and an iron-dependent enzyme prolyl hydroxylase, while its activity may be inhibited by high levels of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide. The present work showcases a novel approach utilizing the anti-tumorigenic potential of a gold-manganese oxide nanocomposite material in the tumor microenvironment that affects tumor hypoxia, exploring the possibility of restoring the immunoregulatory nature of TAMs from their pro-tumorigenic state.

Noble metal nanoparticle-induced oxidative stress modulates tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) from an M2 to M1 phenotype: An in vitro approach.

Diagnosis of cancer and photothermal therapy using optoelectronic properties of noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) has established a new therapeutic approach for treating cancer. Here we address the intrinsic properties of noble metal NPs (gold and silver) as well as the mechanism of their potential antitumor activity. For this, the study addresses the functional characterization of tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) isolated from murine fibrosarcoma induced by a chemical carcinogen, 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA).

Immunomodulatory properties of silver nanoparticles contribute to anticancer strategy for murine fibrosarcoma.

The use of nanotechnology in nanoparticle-based cancer therapeutics is gaining impetus due to the unique biophysical properties of nanoparticles at the quantum level. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been reported as one type of potent therapeutic nanoparticles. The present study is aimed to determine the effect of AgNPs in arresting the growth of a murine fibrosarcoma by a reductive mechanism.