Speech markers of depression dimensions across cognitive status.

Introduction: Depression and its components significantly impact dementia prediction and severity, necessitating reliable objective measures for quantification.

Methods: We investigated associations between emotion-based speech measures (valence, arousal, and dominance) during picture descriptions and depression dimensions derived from the geriatric depression scale (GDS, dysphoria, withdrawal-apathy-vigor (WAV), anxiety, hopelessness, and subjective memory complaint).

Results: Higher WAV was associated with more negative valence (estimate = -0.

Abdominal fat depots are related to lower cognitive functioning and brain volumes in middle-aged males at high Alzheimer's risk.

Objective: High BMI, which poorly represents specific fat depots, is linked to poorer cognition and higher dementia risk, with different associations between sexes. This study examined associations of abdominal fat depots with cognition and brain volumes and whether sex modifies this association.

Methods: A total of 204 healthy middle-aged offspring of Alzheimer's dementia patients (mean age = 59.

Amyloid deposition and small vessel disease are associated with cognitive function in older adults with type 2 diabetes.

Diabetes is associated with cognitive decline, but the underlying mechanisms are complex and their relationship with Alzheimer's Disease biomarkers is not fully understood. We assessed the association of small vessel disease (SVD) and amyloid burden with cognitive functioning in 47 non-demented older adults with type-2 diabetes from the Israel Diabetes and Cognitive Decline Study (mean age 78Y, 64% females). FLAIR-MRI, Vizamyl amyloid-PET, and T1W-MRI quantified white matter hyperintensities as a measure of SVD, amyloid burden, and gray matter (GM) volume, respectively.

Poor self-rated health is associated with faster cognitive decline and greater small vessel disease in older adults with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: Self-rated health (SRH) is a predictor for poor health outcomes and cognition. Older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) have multi-morbidity and greater cognitive impairment. In the present study we investigated the association of SRH with cognitive decline and brain pathology in older adults with T2D.

A feasibility study of the combination of intranasal insulin with oral semaglutide for cognition in older adults with metabolic syndrome at high dementia risk- Study rationale and design.

Introduction: We present the rationale and design of a double-blind placebo-controlled feasibility trial combining intranasal insulin (INI) with semaglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, to improve cognition in older adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Since both INI and dulaglutide have beneficial effects on the cerebrovascular disease (CVD), we anticipate that improved CVD will underlie the hypothesized cognitive benefits.

Methods: This 12-months trial will include 80 older adults aged > 60 with MetS and MCI, randomized to 4 groups: INI/oral semaglutide, intranasal placebo/oral semaglutide, INI/oral placebo, and intranasal placebo/oral placebo.

Amyloid deposition and small vessel disease are associated with cognitive function in older adults with type 2 diabetes.

Diabetes is associated with cognitive decline, but the underlying mechanisms are complex and their relationship with Alzheimer's Disease biomarkers is not fully understood. We assessed the association of small vessel disease (SVD) and amyloid burden with cognitive functioning in 47 non-demented older adults with type-2 diabetes from the Israel Diabetes and Cognitive Decline Study (mean age 78Y, 64% females). FLAIR-MRI, Vizamyl amyloid-PET, and T1W-MRI quantified white matter hyperintensities as a measure of SVD, amyloid burden, and gray matter (GM) volume, respectively.

Neuroticism is associated with increase in depression symptoms over time in older adults with type 2 diabetes.

Objectives: The likelihood of depression symptoms in those with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is high. Psychological risk factors enhancing comorbidity of depression symptoms in T2D are yet to be determined. The present study examines the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationship between personality traits and distinct depression dimensions in older adults with T2D.

[SLEEP MONITORING FOR PREDICTION OF MAJOR DEPRESSION RECURRENCE IN PATIENTS AT HIGH RISK - A PROSPECTIVE STUDY].

Objective: To examine the feasibility of sleep monitoring using an innovative wearable technology, as a predictive tool for MDE (major depressive episode) recurrence in high risk patients.

A feasibility study of the combination of intranasal insulin with dulaglutide for cognition in older adults with metabolic syndrome at high dementia risk - Study rationale and design.

Introduction: We present the rationale and design of a double-blind placebo-controlled feasibility trial combining intranasal insulin (INI) with dulaglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, to improve cognition in older adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Since both INI and dulaglutide have beneficial effects on the cerebrovascular disease (CVD), we anticipate that improved CVD will underlie the hypothesized cognitive benefits.

Methods: This 12-months trial will include 80 older adults aged > 60 with MetS and MCI, randomized to 4 groups: INI/dulaglutide injection, intranasal placebo/dulaglutide injection, INI/placebo injection, and intranasal placebo/placebo injection.

Behavioral and Brain Correlates of Emotional Distress in Older Adults During COVID-19 Quarantine.

COVID-19 led to unprecedented lockdowns and changes in older adults' lives, especially those with type 2 diabetes who have high risk of complications and mortality. We investigated the associations of cognitive and motor function and gray matter volumes (GMVs) with COVID-19 lockdown-related emotional distress of type 2 diabetes older adults, participating in the Israel Diabetes and Cognitive Decline Study. We administered a questionnaire to obtain information about anxiety, depression, general well-being, and optimism during a mandated lockdown.

Neural correlates of subjective cognitive decline in adults at high risk for Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Recently, interest has emerged in subjective cognitive decline (SCD) as a potential precursor to Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. Whether individuals with SCD harbor brain alterations in midlife, when AD-related pathology begins, is yet to be elucidated. Furthermore, the role of apolipoprotein ε4 ( ε) allele, a robust AD risk factor, in the relationship between SCD and brain alterations is unknown.

Decrease in Gait Speed Over Time Is Associated With Increase in Number of Depression Symptoms in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: We examined the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships of motor functions with depression in older adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: Participants (n = 984) were from the longitudinal Israel Diabetes and Cognitive Decline (IDCD) study. They were initially cognitively normal and underwent evaluations of motor functions (grip strength and gait speed) and of depression (using the 15-item version of the Geriatric Depression Scale [GDS]) approximately every 18 months.

Alzheimer's Disease Polygenic Risk Score Is Not Associated With Cognitive Decline Among Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes.

Objectives: Multiple risk loci for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) have been identified. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a risk factor for cognitive decline, dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigated the association of polygenic risk score (PRS) for LOAD with overall cognitive functioning and longitudinal decline, among older adults with T2D.

Greater intake of the MEDI diet is associated with better cognitive trajectory in older adults with type 2 diabetes.

Aims: To determine associations of three dietary patterns (Mediterranean (MEDI) diet, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and the Mediterranean- DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet) with cognitive decline in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).

Methods: This is a longitudinal observational study. Participants (N = 960) from the Israel Diabetes and Cognitive Decline (IDCD) study were included in this study.

Psychosis as a Treatment Target in Dementia: A Roadmap for Designing Interventions.

Psychotic phenomena are among the most severe and disruptive symptoms of dementias and appear in 30% to 50% of patients. They are associated with a worse evolution and great suffering to patients and caregivers. Their current treatments obtain limited results and are not free of adverse effects, which are sometimes serious.

Machine learning for comprehensive prediction of high risk for Alzheimer's disease based on chromatic pupilloperimetry.

Currently there are no reliable biomarkers for early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) at the preclinical stage. This study assessed the pupil light reflex (PLR) for focal red and blue light stimuli in central and peripheral retina in 125 cognitively normal middle age subjects (45-71 years old) at high risk for AD due to a family history of the disease (FH+), and 61 age-similar subjects with no family history of AD (FH-) using Chromatic Pupilloperimetry coupled with Machine Learning (ML). All subjects had normal ophthalmic assessment, and normal retinal and optic nerve thickness by optical coherence tomography.

Consumption of Ultra-Processed Food and Cognitive Decline among Older Adults With Type-2 Diabetes.

Background: Ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption is related to increased morbidity and mortality. However, knowledge on its association with cognitive function is lacking. In this longitudinal study, we examined the associations between UPF intake and cognitive decline in older adults with type-2 diabetes (T2D).

Thicker macula in asymptomatic Ɛ4 middle-aged adults at high AD risk.

Introduction: We compared retinal layers' thickness between apolipoprotein E () Ɛ4 carriers and non-carriers in a cohort of cognitively normal middle-aged adults enriched for Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk.

Methods: Participants (N = 245) underwent spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Multivariate analyses of covariance adjusting for age, sex, education, and best corrected vision acuity was used to compare retinal thickness between groups.

Long-term trajectories and current BMI are associated with poorer cognitive functioning in middle-aged adults at high Alzheimer's disease risk.

Introduction: We examined relationships of body mass index (BMI) with cognition in middle-aged adults at Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk due to parental family history.

Methods: Participants are offspring of AD patients from the Israel Registry of Alzheimer's Prevention (N = 271). Linear regressions assessed associations of BMI and cognition, and whether associations differed by maternal/paternal history.

Sleep Monitoring Using WatchPAT Device to Predict Recurrence of Major Depression in Patients at High Risk for Major Depression Disorder Recurrence: A Case Report.

Major depressive disorders are strongly correlated with alterations in sleep pattern and architecture, including changes in the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase. However, it is still unknown whether sleep alterations precede other depression-related symptoms, particularly in patients with recurrent depressive episodes at relapse risk. We initiated a study aimed at examining the value of ambulatory sleep monitoring using a WatchPAT device, in predicting recurrence of Major depression.

Trajectories of depression symptoms over time differ by APOE4 genotype in older adults with type 2 diabetes.

Objectives: The APOE-ε4 genotype has been associated with old-age depression, but this relationship has been rarely investigated in type 2 diabetes (T2D) older adults, who are at significantly increased risk for depression, a major contributor to T2D complications. We examined whether trajectories of depression symptoms over time differ by APOE-ε4 genotype in older adults with T2D.

Methods: Participants (n = 754 [13.

Association of the CD2AP locus with cognitive functioning among middle-aged individuals with a family history of Alzheimer's disease.

First-degree family history is an established risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigated the association of late-onset AD risk loci with cognitive functioning among 315 offspring of AD patients. Participants were cognitively normal Jewish individuals, aged 40-65 years, from the Israel Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention (IRAP) study.