Bilateral Condylar Fracture: A Case Treated with a Conservative Myofunctional Approach.

Mandibular condylar fractures in a growing child may cause long-term consequences. A conservative approach has been recommended to permit the remodelling of the condyles as well as to re-establishing the mandibular dynamics and oral functions. This case report presents a bilateral mandibular condylar fracture in an 11 years old girl treated with myofunctional appliances in combination with exercises.

Mandibular Condyle Remodeling after Functional Orthopedic Treatment: A Clinical Report of Four Cases.

Aim: This clinical report evaluated changes in the mandibular condyles of patients diagnosed with osteoarthritis (OA) at the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), who were treated with a modified dental splint.

Materials And Methods: Four adult patients (age range: 24-47 years) were treated with a dental splint appliance that delivered a low load at the molar region and permitted lateral and protrusive mandibular excursions. An initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan was performed for diagnosis purpose before treatment.

Architecture of the Mandibular Condylar Cartilage of Elderly Individuals: A Semiquantitative Light Microscopic Histological Study.

Aim: This study aimed to categorize the constituent tissues of the mandibular condylar cartilage of elderly individuals.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-three mandibular condyles were collected from 20 human cadavers of individuals between 40 years and 103 years old. Samples were stained with Masson's trichrome and Herovici's stains and, examined under a light microscope.

Efficacy of a Pre-Fabricated Myofunctional Appliance for the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Preliminary Report.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of the Myobrace/MyOSA myofunctional appliance for the treatment of mild to moderate Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) in children, by means of the Apnea/Hypopnea Index (AHI).

Study Design: Nine children with a diagnosis of mild to moderate OSA were included in the study. The subjects wore the Myobrace/MyOSA myofunctional appliance for a period of 90 days.

Pre-Fabricated Myofunctional Appliance for the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Preliminary Report.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of the Myobrace/MyOSA myofunctional appliance for the treatment of mild to moderate Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) in children, by means of the Apnea/Hypopnea Index (AHI).

Study Design: Nine children with a diagnosis of mild to moderate OSA were included in the study. The subjects wore the Myobrace/MyOSA myofunctional appliance for a period of 90 days.

The effect of the physical consistency of the diet on the bone quality of the mandibular condyle in rats.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze how the physical consistency of the diet affects the bone quality at the mandibular condyle.

Design: Sixty-three Wistar rats were randomly assigned to three groups. Twenty-two animals composed each group and they were fed with either a liquid, soft or hard diet.

Electromyographic muscular activity improvement in Class II patients treated with the pre-orthodontic trainer.

Objective: A study was designed to determine changes in the amplitude of the EMG muscular activity of the Masseter and Temporalis muscles at clench in children with a Class II, division 1 malocclusion treated with the pre-orthodontic Trainer functional appliance, for 12 months.

Study Design: 36 Class II, division 1 malocclusion patients (mean age 7.6 ± 1.

The effect of dental occlusal disturbances on the curvature of the vertebral spine in rats.

Objective: To determine whether a unilateral increase or decrease in the bite affects the curvatures of the vertebral spine in rats.

Methods: 25 male Sprague Dawley rats were included. Five animals received no alteration on their bite.

The cranial nerve skywalk: A 3D tutorial of cranial nerves in a virtual platform.

Visualization of the complex courses of the cranial nerves by students in the health-related professions is challenging through either diagrams in books or plastic models in the gross laboratory. Furthermore, dissection of the cranial nerves in the gross laboratory is an extremely meticulous task. Teaching and learning the cranial nerve pathways is difficult using two-dimensional (2D) illustrations alone.

Adenoviral-mediated gene transfer into bone marrow: an effective surgical technique in rat.

Background: The role of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β₁) in the onset of bone marrow fibrosis has been confirmed in some animal models. To further understand the genetic expression of some myeloproliferative disorders affecting marrow stem cells, however, it is necessary to develop a specific and reliable procedure to deliver modified adenoviral vectors into the bone marrow cavity. The aim of this paper is to report a surgical technique designed to deliver an adenoviral vector-mediated gene expressing TGF-β₁ into the bone marrow of rat femurs.

Prostaglandin E2 affects osteoblast biology in a dose-dependent manner: an in vitro study.

Objective: This study aimed to determine in vitro how exogenous PGE(2) affects the expression of genes in cultured osteoblasts by relative quantitation PCR.

Design: Cultured osteoblasts were exposed to 10(-3)M, 10(-5)M or 10(-7)M PGE(2) over 5, 10, 15 and 20 days.

Results: RANKL expression was higher after 5 days of exposure (p<0.

Treatment of anterior crossbite in the primary dentition with esthetic crowns: report of 3 cases.

Anterior crossbite is a sagittal malocclusion occurring in approximately 4 to 5% of children with primary dentition. Although self-correction may occur, treating an anterior crossbite as early as possible has been proposed to prevent problems in the transitional and permanent dentitions. The purpose of this paper is to present an optional restorative treatment used in 3 cases where an anterior crossbite was treated by restoring the primary maxillary incisors with esthetic pediatric strip crowns.

Prevalence of mandibular asymmetries in growing patients.

The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of mandibular asymmetries during the mixed dentition in growing children. For this purpose, a retrospective study was designed where various measurements were performed on the right and left sides of the mandible of panoramic radiographs of 327 children (males: 169; females: 158), 8-12 years old. Four linear measurements, mandibular ramus height, ramus width, corpus height, and corpus length, and two angles, mandibular gonial (Go) and mandibular condyle (Co), and the developmental stage of the permanent lower second molar were analysed.

ER: YAG laser for composite removal after bracket debonding: a qualitative SEM analysis.

Objective: To qualitatively compare the effectiveness of the Er:YAG laser with conventional methods for removing the composite remnants and the enamel ablation produced after bracket debonding.

Materials And Methods: Brackets were bonded on 12 extracted premolars and the composite remnants were removed by 3 different methods: tungsten-carbide bur and 2 Er:YAG laser intervals. Four other premolars were used as a control group.

Early treatment of a Class II, division 2 malocclusion with the Trainer for Kids (T4K): a case report.

This paper reports a Class II, division 2 malocclusion case successfully treated at an early age and in a relatively short period of time using the Trainer for Kids (T4K), a prefabricated functional appliance. Skeletal changes observed in the before and after treatment cephalic radiographs were compared with the expected changes produced by the patient's natural growth. The functional appliance's effects resulting in the outcomes observed in this clinical case, as well as the importance of identifying the etiological factors when treating a malocclusion will be discussed.

Prevalence of malocclusions in a young Brazilian population.

Malocclusions are generally treated in adolescents and adults, but they are established at an early age. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of malocclusions in a young Brazilian population. The sample included 926 children, 8 to 12 years old, attending 5 public schools in the state of Goias, Brazil The type of occlusion was visually determined during the oral exam and statistical analysis, Chi-square test, was performed to correlate the prevalence of malocclusion with gender and with age.

Dimensional changes in dental arches after treatment with a prefabricated functional appliance.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the T4K, a prefabricated functional appliance, on the transverse and anterior-height dimensions of the maxillary and mandibular dental arches. Dimensions before and after treatment were measured on the sample, then, natural growth was subtracted from the treatment effects and compared with twice the error of the method. A clinically significant increase of both dimensions was observed in the maxilla and mandible when Class II malocclusion patients were treated with the T4K.

Prostaglandin E2 enhances transforming growth factor-beta 1 and TGF-beta receptors synthesis: an in vivo and in vitro study.

The aims of this study were to determine how Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) locally applied affected the immunodistribution of latent transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1), and how the eicosanoid modified TGF-beta1 release and TGF-beta receptors gene expression in cultured osteoblasts. PGE2 locally delivered on the rat mandible at doses of 0.1 and 0.

Influence of growth hormone on the craniofacial complex of transgenic mice.

Growth hormone (GH) secretion affects bone and cartilage physiology. This study investigated the effect of GH on the size of the craniofacial structures and their angular relationship. Three different models of mice with a genetically altered GH axis were used: GH excess (giant), dwarf GH antagonist (dwarf-Ant), and dwarf GH receptor knockout (dwarf-KO) mice.

Local application of prostaglandin E2 reduces trap, calcitonin receptor and metalloproteinase-2 immunoreactivity in the rat periodontium.

It has been shown that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) locally released adjacent to the mandible over a 20-day period increases alveolar bone area, in part, due to a reduction in the percentage of eroded surface. To determine the effect of PGE2 on alveolar bone resorption, left mandibles from 24 Lewis rats were treated over a 20-day period with a local application of PGE2 (0.1, 0.

Prostaglandin E2 enhances alveolar bone formation in the rat mandible.

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) induces bone formation in stress-bearing bones. The mandible, a stress-bearing bone, is loaded daily during mastication. The aim of this study was to determine if PGE2 delivered locally to the mandible over 20 days enhances alveolar bone deposition.

Growth hormone and epidermal growth factor in salivary glands of giant and dwarf transgenic mice.

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) in rat salivary glands is regulated by testosterone, thyroxin, and growth hormone (GH). Salivary glands of 45-day-old giant and dwarf male and female transgenic mice were examined histologically and by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for EGF. Male giants showed no significant differences from wild-type (WT) parotid and submandibular glands.

Influence of growth hormone on the mandibular condylar cartilage of rats.

Unlabelled: Growth hormone (GH) stimulates mandibular growth but its effect on the mandibular condylar cartilage is not well understood.

Objective: This study was designed to understand the influence of GH on mitotic activity and on chondrocytes maturation. The effect of GH on cartilage thickness was also determined.

Periodontal treatment needs in a native island community in Colombia determined with CPITN.

Aims: To identify the prevalence and different degrees of periodontal disease in an isolated community (Isla Grande, Colombia) with no dental services and low educational level with the use of CPITN, and to establish periodontal treatment needs in different age groups.

Results: Of 116 people examined, 0.9% were in periodontal health (CPITN value 0), 18.

Incisor disocclusion in rats affects mandibular condylar cartilage at the cellular level.

Unlabelled: The effect of altered occlusion on the mandibular condylar cartilage remains unclear.

Objective: This study investigated the effect of unilateral incisor disocclusion on cartilage thickness, on mitotic activity and on chondrocytes maturation and differentiation in the mandibular condylar cartilage of rats.

Design: The upper and lower left incisors were trimmed 2mm every second day in five rats.