Feed additives for methane mitigation: Recommendations for testing enteric methane-mitigating feed additives in ruminant studies.

There is a need for rigorous and scientifically-based testing standards for existing and new enteric methane mitigation technologies, including antimethanogenic feed additives (AMFA). The current review provides guidelines for conducting and analyzing data from experiments with ruminants intended to test the antimethanogenic and production effects of feed additives. Recommendations include study design and statistical analysis of the data, dietary effects, associative effect of AMFA with other mitigation strategies, appropriate methods for measuring methane emissions, production and physiological responses to AMFA, and their effects on animal health and product quality.

Investigating the effect of supplementing different levels of Isochrysis galbana on in vitro rumen fermentation parameters.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of supplementing Isochrysis galbana (I. galbana) at levels of 0 (control), 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 (g/100 g DM) of the diet on the gas production kinetics, methane production, rumen fermentation parameters, and relative microbial population in vitro. Supplementation of I.

A meta-analysis of methane-mitigation potential of feed additives evaluated in vitro.

A systematic literature review of in vitro studies was performed to identify methane (CH) mitigation interventions with a potential to reduce CH emission in vivo. Data from 277 peer-reviewed studies published between 1979 and 2018 were reviewed. Individual CH mitigation interventions were classified into 14 categories of feed additives based on their type, chemical composition, and mode of action.

Effects of herd management decisions on dairy cow longevity, farm profitability, and emissions of enteric methane - a simulation study of milk and beef production.

Sustainable dairy and beef production provides environmental, economic, and social values that can potentially be maximized by optimizing herd management strategies. The length of a dairy cow's life is affected by, and affects, all three pillars of sustainability. Longevity in dairy cows is multifactorial and strongly dependent on herd management.

Comparison the Range of Motion Following Early Versus Late Active Mobilization after Repairing Surgery on Flexor Tendon Injury in the Zone II: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Early or delayed mobilization of limb after flexor tendon rupture repairing has an effect on postoperative outcomes, however it is not yet clear whether early or late organ mobilization leads to more likelihood of recovery. We aimed to assess the effects of early and late active limb mobilization through rehabilitation after surgery on the range of motion and hand recovery.

Methods: This randomized clinical study was performed in Sina Hospital, Tehran, Iran in 2022 on 80 patients with flexor tendon damage in the zone II, who underwent reconstructive surgery of superficial and deep tendons.

Effects of wheat bran replacement with pomegranate seed pulp on rumen fermentation, gas production, methanogen and protozoa populations of camel and goat rumen using competitive PCR technique: An in vitro study.

Background: Microbial populations in the rumen play an essential role in the degradation of Cellulosic dietary components and in providing nutrients to the host animal.

Objective: This study aims to detect the effect of pomegranate seed pulp (PSP) on rumen fermentation, digestibility and methanogens and the protozoa population (by competitive polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) of the camel and goat rumen fluid.

Materials And Methods: PSP was added to the experimental treatments and replaced by wheat bran (0%, 5% and 10%).

A meta-analysis of methane mitigation potential of feed additives evaluated in vitro.

A systematic literature review of in vitro studies was performed to identify methane (CH) mitigation interventions with a potential to reduce CH emission in vivo. Data from 277 peer-reviewed studies published between 1979 and 2018 were reviewed. Individual CH mitigation interventions were classified into 14 categories of feed additives based on their type, chemical composition, and mode of action.

Use of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) for increased circularity and valorization of rapeseed residues.

In Europe, rapeseed is a common oilseed crop, resulting in the production of 20 million tons of rapeseed press cake yearly. This press cake can be further upcycled and a protein fraction can be extracted for food purposes, leaving de-proteinized fiber-rich residues. This study examined the use of these residues in the production of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) and of the spent substrate as feed, since mushroom cultivation may improve the feed properties of substrate.

Full-fat corn germ in diets for dairy cows as an alternative to ground corn.

The experiments reported in this research paper address the effects of replacing ground corn (GC) with full-fat corn germ (FFCG) on nutrient intake and digestibility, nitrogen utilization efficiency, performance, and predicted methane production in dairy cows fed cactus cladodes and sugarcane. We hypothesized that the inclusion of FFCG in the diet would not alter the performance of lactating cows but would reduce the predicted methane production in vivo. Ten multiparous Holstein cows at 90 ± 10 d of lactation and yielding 24.

Effects of replacement of barley with oats on milk fatty acid composition in dairy cows fed grass silage-based diets.

This study consists of milk fatty acid (FA) data collected during 2 in vivo experiments. For this study, 8 cows from each experiment were included in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. At the start of experiment 1 (Exp1) cows were at (mean ± standard deviation) 87 ± 34.

Rapid Quantitative Determination Control Male Sexual Dysfunction Drug Content of Sildenafil and Tramadol Mixture by Spectrophotometry Along With Smart Chemometrics Approaches Compared to the HPLC Reference Method.

Background: There are reports for the simultaneous estimation of sildenafil (SIL) and tramadol (TM) using chromatographic techniques. Some limitations of these methods are high cost and time, more usage of pollutant solvents, and complicated instruments.

Objective: Simultaneous determination of SIL and TM in the anti-sexual dysfunction pharmaceutical formulation using rapid and smart chemometrics approaches along with spectrophotometry.

Comparison of Molly and Karoline models to predict methane production in growing and dairy cattle.

Numerous empirical and mechanistic models predicting methane (CH) production are available. The aim of this work was to evaluate the Molly cow model and the Nordic cow model Karoline in predicting CH production in cattle using a data set consisting of 267 treatment means from 55 respiration chamber studies. The dietary and animal characteristics used for the model evaluation represent the range of diets fed to dairy and growing cattle.

In Vitro Incubations Do Not Reflect In Vivo Differences Based on Ranking of Low and High Methane Emitters in Dairy Cows.

This study evaluated if ranking dairy cows as low and high CH emitters using the GreenFeed system (GF) can be replicated in in vitro conditions using an automated gas system and its possible implications in terms of fermentation balance. Seven pairs of low and high emitters fed the same diet were selected on the basis of residual CH production, and rumen fluid taken from each pair incubated separately in the in vitro gas production system. In total, seven in vitro incubations were performed with inoculums taken from low and high CH emitting cows incubated in two substrates differing in forage-to-concentrate proportion, each without or with the addition of cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL) as an inhibitor of CH production.

Effect of a Low-Methane Diet on Performance and Microbiome in Lactating Dairy Cows Accounting for Individual Pre-Trial Methane Emissions.

This study examined the effects of partly replacing grass silage (GS) with maize silage (MS), with or without rapeseed oil (RSO) supplementation, on methane (CH) emissions, production performance, and rumen microbiome in the diets of lactating dairy cows. The effect of individual pre-trial CH-emitting characteristics on dietary emissions mitigation was also examined. Twenty Nordic Red cows at 71 ± 37.

Replacement of barley with oats and dehulled oats: Effects on milk production, enteric methane emissions, and energy utilization in dairy cows fed a grass silage-based diet.

Sixteen Nordic Red dairy cows, at 80 ± 4.6 d in milk and with an average body weight of 624 ± 91.8 kg, were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design to investigate the effects of different concentrate supplements on milk production, enteric CH emissions, ruminal fermentation, digestibility, and energy utilization.

Enteric and Fecal Methane Emissions from Dairy Cows Fed Grass or Corn Silage Diets Supplemented with Rapeseed Oil.

This study evaluated potential trade-offs between enteric methane (CH) emissions and CH emissions from feces of dairy cows fed grass silage or partial replacement of grass silage with corn silage, both with and without supplementation of rapeseed oil. Measured data for eight dairy cows (two blocks) included in a production trial were analyzed. Dietary treatments were grass silage (GS), GS supplemented with rapeseed oil (GS-RSO), GS plus corn silage (GSCS), and GSCS supplemented with rapeseed oil (GSCS-RSO).

The effects of gradual replacement of barley with oats on enteric methane emissions, rumen fermentation, milk production, and energy utilization in dairy cows.

This study evaluated the effects of gradual replacement of barley with oats on enteric CH emissions, rumen fermentation, diet digestibility, milk production, and energy utilization in dairy cows fed a grass silage-based diet. Sixteen lactating Nordic Red dairy cows received a total mixed ration [58:42 forage:concentrate on dry matter (DM) basis]. Grass silage (Phleum pratense) was the sole forage with canola meal (10% of diet DM) as a protein supplement.

Challenges and opportunities to capture dietary effects in on-farm greenhouse gas emissions models of ruminant systems.

This paper reviews existing on-farm GHG accounting models for dairy cattle systems and their ability to capture the effect of dietary strategies in GHG abatement. The focus is on methane (CH) emissions from enteric and manure (animal excreta) sources and nitrous oxide (NO) emissions from animal excreta. We identified three generic modelling approaches, based on the degree to which models capture diet-related characteristics: from 'none' (Type 1) to 'some' by combining key diet parameters with emission factors (EF) (Type 2) to 'many' by using process-based modelling (Type 3).

Seaweed and Seaweed Bioactives for Mitigation of Enteric Methane: Challenges and Opportunities.

Seaweeds contain a myriad of nutrients and bioactives including proteins, carbohydrates and to a lesser extent lipids as well as small molecules including peptides, saponins, alkaloids and pigments. The bioactive bromoform found in the red seaweed has been identified as an agent that can reduce enteric CH production from livestock significantly. However, sustainable supply of this seaweed is a problem and there are some concerns over its sustainable production and potential negative environmental impacts on the ozone layer and the health impacts of bromoform.

Development of Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Procedure for Trace Determination of Malathion Pesticide in Urine Samples.

Background: Measurement of pesticides in biological matrices is become a serious challenge for researches because of their very low concentration in different matrices. The aim of this study was to develop a new sample preparation method with high accuracy and validity, simplicity and short retention time for determination of malathion.

Methods: Dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction (DLLME) technique coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV) developed for trace extraction and determination of malathion pesticide in human urine samples.

In Vitro Evaluation of Different Dietary Methane Mitigation Strategies.

We assessed and ranked different dietary strategies for mitigating methane (CH) emissions and other fermentation parameters, using an automated gas system in two in vitro experiments. In experiment 1, a wide range of dietary CH mitigation strategies was tested. In experiment 2, the two most promising CH inhibitory compounds from experiment 1 were tested in a dose-response study.

Compound- and context-dependent effects of antibiotics on greenhouse gas emissions from livestock.

The use of antibiotics in livestock production may trigger ecosystem disservices, including increased emissions of greenhouse gases. To evaluate this, we conducted two separate animal experiments, administering two widely used antibiotic compounds (benzylpenicillin and tetracycline) to dairy cows over a 4- or 5-day period locally and/or systemically. We then recorded enteric methane production, total gas production from dung decomposing under aerobic versus anaerobic conditions, prokaryotic community composition in rumen and dung, and accompanying changes in nutrient intake, rumen fermentation, and digestibility resulting from antibiotic administration.

Effects of different barley and oat varieties on methane production, digestibility, and fermentation pattern in vitro.

The objective of this in vitro study was to determine the effects of different barley and oat varieties on CH production, digestibility, and rumen fermentation patterns in dairy cows. Our hypothesis was that oat-based diets would decrease CH production compared with barley-based diets, and that CH production would differ between varieties within grain species. To evaluate this hypothesis, we conducted an in vitro experiment using a fully automated gas production technique, in which the total gas volume was automatically recorded by the system.

Optimization of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction procedure for detecting chlorpyrifos in human urine samples.

Selecting an effective sample preparation method to measure target pesticides in biological matrices is a serious challenge for researchers. This study aimed to optimize the dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) technique to obtain a simple, valid, and fast method with high efficiency to detect chlorpyrifos in urine samples. DLLME, coupled with high performance liquid chromatography equipped with ultra violet detector, was used to extract chlorpyrifos pesticide in human urine samples.

Effects of replacing wheat starch with glycerol on methane emissions, milk production, and feed efficiency in dairy cows fed grass silage-based diets.

To lower the effect of climate change from cattle production, we should aim at decreasing their enteric methane emissions per kilogram of milk or meat. Glycerol may be absorbed through the rumen epithelium and would consequently be less available to microbes in the rumen. Glycerol could thus supply dairy cows with energy for milk production without contributing much to methane production.