Risk and protective factors for severe mental disorders in Asia.

Among 369 diseases and injuries, the years lived with disability (YLDs) and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) rates for severe mental illnesses (SMIs) are within the top 20 %. Research on risk and protective factors for SMIs is critically important, as acting on modifiable factors may reduce their incidence or postpone their onset, while early detection of new cases enables prompt treatment and improves prognosis. However, as most of the studies on these factors are from Western countries, the findings are not generalizable across ethnic groups.

Effects of Social Defeat Stress on Microtubule Regulating Proteins and Tubulin Polymerization.

Objective: : Microtubule (MT) stability in neurons is vital for brain development; instability is associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. The present study examined the effects of social defeat stress (SDS) on MT-regulating proteins and tubulin polymerization.

Methods: : After 10 days of SDS, defeated mice were separated into susceptible (Sus) and unsusceptible (Uns) groups based on their performance in a social avoidance test.

Deep Learning-based Brain Age Prediction in Patients With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders.

Background And Hypothesis: The brain-predicted age difference (brain-PAD) may serve as a biomarker for neurodegeneration. We investigated the brain-PAD in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ), first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders (FE-SSDs), and treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) using structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI).

Study Design: We employed a convolutional network-based regression (SFCNR), and compared its performance with models based on three machine learning (ML) algorithms.

Network biomarkers in recovered psychosis patients who discontinued antipsychotics.

There are no studies investigating topological properties of resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) in patients who have recovered from psychosis and discontinued medication (hereafter, recovered patients [RP]). This study aimed to explore topological organization of the functional brain connectome in the RP using graph theory approach. We recruited 30 RP and 50 age and sex-matched healthy controls (HC).

Stage-Specific Brain Aging in First-Episode Schizophrenia and Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia.

Background: Brain age is a popular brain-based biomarker that offers a powerful strategy for using neuroscience in clinical practice. We investigated the brain-predicted age difference (PAD) in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ), first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders (FE-SSDs), and treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) using structural magnetic resonance imaging data. The association between brain-PAD and clinical parameters was also assessed.

Three-year outcomes and predictors for full recovery in patients with early-stage psychosis.

In the present study, various outcomes over 3-year period in patients with early stage psychosis including remission, recovery, relapse and medication adherence were investigated. Predictor for full recovery at year 3 was also examined. Three-year follow-up data in 534 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) and psychotic disorder not otherwise specified (PNOS) were examined for overall outcome trajectories.

DNA Methylation Profiles of the DRD2 and NR3C1 Genes in Patients with Recent-Onset Psychosis.

Objectives: Dopamine receptor D2 gene (DRD2) and glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) are implicated in the development of psychosis. We investigated methylation levels of DRD2 and NR3C1 in peripheral blood of patients with recent-onset (RO) psychosis using bisulfite pyrosequencing as well as its association with childhood trauma and rumination.

Methods: In all, 51 individuals with RO psychosis and 47 healthy controls were recruited.

Methylome-wide Association Study of Patients with Recent-onset Psychosis.

Objective: Dysregulation of gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms may have a vital role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia (SZ). In this study, we investigated the association of altered methylation patterns with SZ symptoms and early trauma in patients and healthy controls.

Methods: The present study was conducted to identify methylation changes in CpG sites in peripheral blood associated with recent-onset (RO) psychosis using methylome-wide analysis.

Risperidone Induced DNA Methylation Changes in Dopamine Receptor and Stathmin Genes in Mice Exposed to Social Defeat Stress.

Objective: Understanding complex epigenetic mechanisms is necessary to fully elucidate the effects of antipsychotic drug. This study investigated DNA methylation and mRNA expression levels of dopamine D2 and D1 receptor (Drd2 and Drd1, respectively), nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1 (Nr3c1) and stathmin 1 (Stmn1) in brain regions of mice exposed to social defeat stress (SDS) and effects of risperidone on altered methylation and mRNA expression levels induced by SDS.

Methods: Following SDS for 10 days, risperidone (0.

Impact of Social Defeat Stress on DNA Methylation in Drd2, Nr3c1, and Stmn1 in Wild-type and Stmn1 Knock-out Mice.

Objective: Epigenetic profiles can be modified by stress. Dopamine receptor D2 (Drd2), glucocorticoid receptor gene (Nr3c1) and Stathmin 1 (Stmn1) genes are all implicated in adaptation to stress. The aim of study is to investigate impact of social defeat on DNA methylation in Drd2, Nr3c1, and Stmn1 in wild-type (WT) and Stmn1 knock-out (KO) mice.

Network analysis of trauma in patients with early-stage psychosis.

Childhood trauma (ChT) is a risk factor for psychosis. Negative lifestyle factors such as rumination, negative schemas, and poor diet and exercise are common in psychosis. The present study aimed to perform a network analysis of interactions between ChT and negative lifestyle in patients and controls.

Symptomatic and full remission rates in first-episode psychosis: A 12-month follow-up study in Korea.

Aim: In the present study, the prevalence and predictors of symptomatic and full remission were investigated in patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) at the 12-month follow-up.

Methods: A total of 308 participants aged 18-45 years fulfilled the study inclusion criteria and 214 completed the 12-month follow-up.

Results: At the 12-month follow-up, 67.

Effects of Gene Knockout on Behaviors and Dopaminergic Markers in Mice Exposed to Social Defeat Stress.

Stathmin (), a microtubule-destabilizing factor, can regulate fear, anxiety, and learning. Social defeat stress (SDS) has detrimental effects on mental health and increases the risk of various psychiatric diseases. This study investigated the effects of gene knockout (KO) on behavioral parameters and dopaminergic markers using an SDS mouse model.