Effect of wheelchair configurations on shoulder movements, push rim kinetics and upper limb kinematics while negotiating a speed bump.

This study aimed to provide a comprehensive assessment of upper limb kinetics and kinematics and shoulder movements during wheelchair propulsion while negotiating a speed bump of 6 cm height using four different wheelchair configurations. 16 healthy males aged 30.8 ± 5.

Volar plating: functional recovery of the pronator quadratus.

Purpose: The pronator quadratus (PQ) is reflected in the surgical approach to the distal radius. This study explores the functional strength of PQ, 12 months after volar plating without repair of PQ.

Methods: A total of 135 patients were identified from our prospectively collected database.

Forecasting Posttreatment Outcome of Hallux Valgus Surgery Patients.

Background: Despite advancements in operative techniques and the extraordinary number of procedures described for correcting hallux valgus (HV), there is still uncertainty as to why some patients thrive postoperatively whereas others do not. This study aimed to investigate whether the postoperative outcome of HV surgery could be predicted from patient demographics or functional impairment at the time of referral.

Methods: The prospectively collected data, from 92 patients, were analyzed to determine whether patient demographics significantly influenced outcome 52 weeks after surgery.

Kinematic 3-D motion analysis of shoulder resurfacing hemiarthroplasty - An objective assessment method.

Shoulder replacement is indicated in the treatment of pain due to osteoarthritis. Few studies have objectively assessed range of motion (RoM) gains at different post-operative time points. This is a prospective 3D motion analysis study to objectively quantify RoM changes at multiple time points following shoulder resurfacing arthroplasty (SRA) for primary gleno-humeral osteoarthritis, comparing it with clinically measured RoM.

Impairment of maturation of BMP-6 (35 kDa) correlates with delayed fracture healing in experimental diabetes.

Background: Although it is known that diabetes interferes with fracture healing, the mechanisms remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of BMP-6 and BMP-9 with the impairment in fracture healing in diabetes, by analyses of the difference in size and calcification of the callus, mechanical endurance, and expressing BMP-6 and BMP-9 in the callus, using a clinical related diabetic rodent model.

Methods: We evaluated femur fracture healing by quantification of size and calcification of the callus by X-ray, histological and histochemical images, loading capacity of the fractured bone, and amount of BMP-6 in the callus and the bones using Western blot assay.

Barbell back squat: how do resistance bands affect muscle activation and knee kinematics?

Objectives: This study aimed to determine whether looped resistance bands affect knee kinematics and lower body muscle activation during the barbell back squat.

Methods: Twenty-six healthy participants (13 female, 13 male) calculated their one repetition maximum (RM) prior to data collection. Each participant performed three squats at both 80% and 40% 1RM wearing a light resistance band, an extra-heavy resistance band and no resistance band.

Can foot angle influence the risk of injury to the lower limb joints during a field hockey hit?

Objectives: The lower limb is widely reported as the most commonly injured body part in the field of hockey, more specifically lateral ankle sprains and internal knee injury. Despite this, there remains limited understanding of how the biomechanics of the sport could be adapted to minimise injury. The aim of this study was to propose a foot position during the hockey hit that results in the smallest joint angles and moments, from a total of four different foot positions: 0°, 30°, 60° and 90°, which may correlate to injury risk.

Effect of ball position on the risk of injury to the lower limb joints during the hockey sweep pass in women.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine if ball position influences the risk of lower limb non-contact injury in hockey sweep pass. It also aimed to determine a ball position that minimises excessive strain placed on the lower limb joints of the lead leg during the sweep pass.

Methods: A cohort of 18 female hockey-playing volunteers (age: 19.

Comparison of branded rugby headguards on their effectiveness in reducing impact on the head.

Aim: To compare the available brands of rugby headguards and evaluate their impact attenuation properties at various locations on the cranium, with regard to concussion prevention.

Methods: Seven different branded headguards were fitted onto a rigid headform and drop-tested in three different positions. An accelerometer measured the linear acceleration the headform experienced on impact with the ground.

Comparison of revision risks and complication rates between total HIP replacement and HIP resurfacing within the similar age group.

Background And Purpose: Currently it is not clear whether age is a factor affecting revisions in total hip replacement (THR) and hip resurfacing (HR). This study aimed to investigate which of THR or HR has a higher risk in terms of revision and complication within similar age groups.

Methods: A systemic review was performed for published literature research databases and local data and compared the two procedures under the condition that both groups of patients were age matched.

Establishing state of motion through two-dimensional foot and shoe print analysis: A pilot study.

According to the College of Podiatry, footprints rank among the most frequent forms of evidence found at crime scenes, and the recent ascension of forensic podiatry reflects the importance of footwear and barefoot traces in contemporary forensic practice. In this context, this pilot study focused on whether it is possible to distinguish between walking and running states using parameters derived from two-dimensional foot or shoe prints. Eleven subjects moved along four tracks (barefoot walking; barefoot running; footwear walking; footwear running) while having their bare feet or footwear stained with artificial blood and their footstep patterns recorded.

A pilot biomechanical assessment of curling deliveries: is toe sliding more likely to cause knee injury than flatfoot sliding?

Background: The aim of this study was to determine whether toe sliding is more likely to cause knee injuries than flatfoot sliding in curling.

Methods: Twelve curlers participated in the study, each delivering 12 stones. Six stones per volunteer were delivered using a flatfoot slide and six were delivered using a toe slide.

The effect of perindopril on postural instability in older people with a history of falls-a randomised controlled trial.

Design: double-blind, parallel group, placebo-controlled randomised trial.

Methods: we recruited people aged >65 years with at least one fall in the previous year. Participants received 4 mg perindopril or placebo daily for 15 weeks.

Development of a Microscopic Colitis Disease Activity Index: a prospective cohort study.

Objective: Microscopic colitis (MC) is a common cause of chronic diarrhoea, often with additional symptoms. No validated instruments exist to assess disease activity in MC, making it difficult to compare efficacy of treatments between clinical trials. We aimed to identify clinical features that independently predicted disease severity and create a Microscopic Colitis Disease Activity Index (MCDAI).

Racquet string tension directly affects force experienced at the elbow: implications for the development of lateral epicondylitis in tennis players.

Background: Lateral epicondylitis (LE) occurs in almost half of all tennis players. Racket-string tension is considered to be an important factor influencing the development of LE. No literature yet exists that substantiates how string-tension affects force transmission to the elbow, as implicated in LE development.

GAIT PATTERN RECOGNITION IN CEREBRAL PALSY PATIENTS USING NEURAL NETWORK MODELLING.

Background: Interpretation of gait data obtained from modern 3D gait analysis is a challenging and time consuming task. The aim of this study was to create neural network models which can recognise the gait patterns from pre- and post-treatment and the normal ones. Neural network is a method which works on the principle of learning from experience and then uses the obtained knowledge to predict the unknowns.

Kinematical analysis of the trunk, upper limbs and fingers during minimal access surgery when using an armrest.

Unlabelled: This study investigated whether using an armrest could reduce the movements of the trunk, upper limb and hand of surgeons during simulated minimal access surgery. Sixteen surgeons carried out two trials of simulated laparoscopic surgery, one using an armrest and the other without. Reflective markers were attached on the trunk, upper limbs, fingers, minimal access camera (MAC) and scissors, allowing a motion capture system to record the movements.

Analysis of joint force and torque for the human and non-human ape foot during bipedal walking with implications for the evolution of the foot.

The feet of apes have a different morphology from those of humans. Until now, it has merely been assumed that the morphology seen in humans must be adaptive for habitual bipedal walking, as the habitual use of bipedal walking is generally regarded as one of the most clear-cut differences between humans and apes. This study asks simply whether human skeletal proportions do actually enhance foot performance during human-like bipedalism, by examining the influence of foot proportions on force, torque and work in the foot joints during simulated bipedal walking.

Dynamic 3D shape of the plantar surface of the foot using coded structured light: a technical report.

Background: The foot provides a crucial contribution to the balance and stability of the musculoskeletal system, and accurate foot measurements are important in applications such as designing custom insoles/footwear. With better understanding of the dynamic behavior of the foot, dynamic foot reconstruction techniques are surfacing as useful ways to properly measure the shape of the foot. This paper presents a novel design and implementation of a structured-light prototype system providing dense three dimensional (3D) measurements of the foot in motion.