Real world treatment outcomes in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in a Caucasian population of British ethnicity.

Purpose: To assess treatment response of Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) in a Caucasian population of British ethnicity with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections alone and with a combination of anti-VEGF injections and photodynamic therapy (PDT).

Setting/venue: Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom.

Methods: Retrospective review of 95 Caucasian patients in a single centre with diagnosis of PCV between 2013 and 2018 were included.

Higher order aberrations in keratoconus‏.

Introduction: Keratoconus is a progressive disorder of the cornea that causes thinning (Sedaghat et al. in Sci Rep 11(1):11971, 2021), ectasia, and irregular astigmatism, resulting in poor visual acuity that cannot be corrected with standard sphero-cylindrical spectacle lenses. One feature distinguishing keratoconic corneas is ocular aberrations, manifesting up to five or six times the amount of higher-order aberrations than a normal, healthy eye.

Functional and structural characteristics in patients with type 3 macular neovascularisation treated with anti-VEGF. Three-year results in real world settings.

Background: To evaluate the long-term anatomical and functional outcomes of anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor intravitreal injections (anti-VEGF IVI) in patients with type 3 macular neovascularisation (MNV) in real-world settings.

Methods: Retrospective review of patients with type 3 MNV who received anti-VEGF IVI between 2013 and 2020. Primary outcomes were best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT).

Eyes open on stem cells.

Recently, the murine cornea has reemerged as a robust stem cell (SC) model, allowing individual SC tracing in living animals. The cornea has pioneered seminal discoveries in SC biology and regenerative medicine, from the first corneal transplantation in 1905 to the identification of limbal SCs and their transplantation to successfully restore vision in the early 1990s. Recent experiments have exposed unexpected properties attributed to SCs and progenitors and revealed flexibility in the differentiation program and a key role for the SC niche.

Rise in the incidence of severe pediatric blepharokeratoconjunctivitis during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Severe blepharokeratoconjunctivitis (BKC) is associated with vision loss and ocular morbidity; hence, early diagnosis and treatment are crucial. Retrospective data collection using electronic patient and billing database records of all patients <18 years of age with severe BKC between March 2010 and March 2022 was performed at the Eye Clinic at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Canada. Severe BKC was defined as including corneal inflammation, new vessel formation, scarring, thinning and lipid deposits.

Bilateral keratouveitis associated with COVID-19 multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children.

We report the case of a 16-year-old girl admitted to hospital with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) secondary to COVID-19. Conjunctivitis-like symptoms prompted ocular examination, which demonstrated peripheral confluent corneal opacities and anterior uveitis. Uveitis laboratory investigations were negative, and with topical steroid treatment her signs and symptoms resolved completely.

Why a dedicated section on keratoconus in the European Journal of Ophthalmology?

Keratoconus is emerging as a new subspecialty in ophthalmology. The literature is booming with publications on the topic as we have better understanding of the pathophysiology, treatment and prognosis of the disease over the past two decades. Advances in diagnostic tools as well as genuine increase in prevalence have shifted perspective of the disease from being a rare one.

Dupilumab-associated ocular surface disease: presentation, management and long-term sequelae.

Objectives: To determine the presenting features of ocular surface disease in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) treated with dupilumab at a tertiary, university hospital. To establish the need for treatment of dupilumab-associated ocular surface disease and report any long-term effects on the ocular surface.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of consecutive patients treated with dupilumab for AD between January 2017 and August 2019 was undertaken.

Treatment of submacular hemorrhage with tissue plasminogen activator and pneumatic displacement in age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: To evaluate visual and anatomic outcomes following pars plana vitrectomy and intravitreal or subretinal tissue plasminogen activator for submacular hemorrhage in patients with age-related macular degeneration.

Methods: This was a retrospective study on patients with a minimum follow-up of 12 months undertaken at a tertiary referral center. Data collected include demographic details, visual and optical coherence tomography changes, surgical details, and complications.

A novel method for examining corneal endothelial cell morphology in infants.

Previous studies have suggested that central corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) decreases from 6,100 cells/mm in neonates to 3,100 cells/mm in 10-year-olds. Currently data on ECD in young children as well as the trend for ECD decrease during childhood is sparse because of the difficulty of examination using existing clinic-based specular microscopes. We developed a novel method of imaging young children intraoperatively with the goal of beginning to establish age-specific normative data for ECD and hexagonality of cells (%HEX).

Combined tissue excision and corneal tuck for the surgical treatment of extremely advanced pellucid marginal corneal degeneration.

Pellucid marginal corneal degeneration (PMCD) is managed surgically in the advanced stages of the disease, but extreme thinning extending over a very wide area in most of the corneal circumference represents a true surgical challenge that makes conventional approaches unsuitable. Here, we present the results of a new procedure (partial excision of the corneal ectasia and tuck of the residual thinned corneal lips left behind) performed in 3 eyes of 2 patients with extremely advanced PMCD, judged unsuitable for undergoing conventional surgical approaches. Preoperatively, uncorrected visual acuity was limited to the perception of hand motion in 1 eye, which presented with hydrops, and to finger counting at 1 m in the other 2 eyes.

Toxic epidermal necrolysis in a 15-month-old girl successfully treated with amniotic membrane transplantation.

A 15-month-old girl presented with rash, fever, and vesicles around the mouth that worsened after erythromycin was administered. Subsequently, she was diagnosed with toxic epidermal necrolysis. Ocular involvement was treated with repeated complete corneal, conjunctival, and lid margin coverage with amniotic membrane.

Missed sclera buckle as a cause of recurrent conjunctivitis.

A 63-year-old woman was referred to the eye clinic with a 2-year history of unresolving right eye discomfort, irritation and recurrent conjunctivitis, managed by her general practitioner, where frequent use of topical antibiotics and ocular lubricants provided little and transient relief. The right eye was blind following a complicated retinal detachment surgery 30 years ago. Examination revealed an extruding silicone sponge scleral buckle from a previous retinal detachment surgery in the superior conjunctival fornix, under the right upper lid.

A minor lid laceration concealing a potentially life-threatening injury.

A 29-year-man presented with an injury to his left upper lid, having stumbled onto the tip of a pool cue. He presented with minimal signs and symptoms, initially thought as a minor lid laceration and was managed with lid suturing. Two months later, he presented with vertical diplopia on upward gaze and showed a picture consistent with traumatic Brown's syndrome.

Transient Horner syndrome following epidural anesthesia for labor: case report and review of the literature.

Unlabelled: Epidural anesthesia is a widely used method for pain control during labor; nevertheless, it is not without risks. Horner syndrome is an uncommon related complication. We report a case of transient Horner syndrome following epidural anesthesia and a review of the literature.