Genome sequencing and assembly of Indian golden silkmoth, Antheraea assamensis Helfer (Saturniidae, Lepidoptera).

Muga silkworm (Antheraea assamensis), one of the economically important wild silkmoths, is unique among saturniid silkmoths. It is confined to the North-eastern part of India. Muga silk has the highest value among the other silks.

Molecular characterization of non-biogenic amines producing GP11 isolated from traditional pickles using HRESI-MS analysis.

Fungal spoilage and toxic biogenic amine production is a major risk in fermented products. Therefore, the selection of nontoxic biogenic amines producing probiotic bacteria plays a vital role in the fermentation process. In the present study, a total of 18 bacterial isolates were isolated from eight different homemade pickle samples and 15 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were identified based on biochemical tests.

Genome wide characterization revealed MnMLO2 and MnMLO6A as candidate genes involved in powdery mildew susceptibility in mulberry.

Mulberry is a fast growing economically important tree for sericulture industry and contains compounds for preventing and treating several diseases and ailments. The quality and quantity of mulberry leaf available to produce silk fibre and for medicinal purpose is greatly affected by number of foliar diseases, out of which powdery mildew is the major one. Imparting genetic resistance becomes an important approach in disease management in mulberry as spraying of fungicides has harmful effects on silkworm growth and development.

Cytotoxic effects of oosporein isolated from endophytic fungus Cochliobolus kusanoi.

In the present study, oosporein, a fungal toxic secondary metabolite known to be a toxic agent causing chronic disorders in animals, was isolated from fungus Cochliobolus kusanoi of Nerium oleander L. Toxic effects of oosporein and the possible mechanisms of cytotoxicity as well as the role of oxidative stress in cytotoxicity to Madin-Darby canine kidney kidney cells and RAW 264.7 splene cells were evaluated in vitro.

Neuroprotective effects of bikaverin on H2O2-induced oxidative stress mediated neuronal damage in SH-SY5Y cell line.

The generation of free radicals and oxidative stress has been linked to several neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The use of free radical scavenging molecules for the reduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species is one of the strategies used in the clinical management of neurodegeneration. Fungal secondary metabolism is a rich source of novel molecules with potential bioactivity.

Flunarizinium hydrogen maleate.

In the cation of the title salt {systematic name: 4-[bis-(4-fluoro-phen-yl)meth-yl]-1-[(2E)-3-phenyl-prop-2-en-1-yl]piperazin-1-ium hydrogen maleate}, C26H27F2N2 (+)·C4H3O4 (-), the protonated piperazine ring is in a chair conformation. The dihedral angle between the 4-fluoro-phenyl rings is 68.2 (2)°.

1-[Bis(4-fluoro-phen-yl)meth-yl]piperazine.

In the title mol-ecule, C(17)H(18)F(2)N(2), the dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 73.40 (3)°. The piperazine ring is close to an ideal chair conformation and the N-H hydrogen is in an equatorial position.

Amylase production by endophytic fungi Cylindrocephalumsp. isolated from medicinal plant Alpinia calcarata (Haw.) Roscoe.

Amylases are among the most important enzymes used in modern biotechnology particularly in the process involving starch hydrolysis. Fungal amylase has large applications in food and pharmaceutical industries. Considering these facts, endophytic fungi isolated from the plant Alpinia calcarata (Haw.

Methyl 2,2-diphenyl-2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl-oxy)acetate.

The mol-ecular structure of the title compound, C(18)H(16)O(3), exhibits a new R(2)-C(COOMe)(OCH(2)CCH) group. The C-O-C-C torsion angle is 153.3 (1)°.

2-Amino-N-[3-(2-chloro-benzo-yl)-5-ethyl-thio-phen-2-yl]acetamide.

In the title compound, C(15)H(15)ClN(2)O(2)S, the 2-amino-acetamide N-C(=O)-C-N unit is approximately planar, with an r.m.s.

Redetermination of loperamide monohydrate.

The structure of the title compound {systematic name: 4-[4-(4-chloro-phen-yl)-4-hy-droxy-piperidin-1-yl]-N,N-dimethyl-2,2-di-phenyl-butanamide monohydrate}, C(29)H(33)ClN(2)O(2)·H(2)O, has been redetermined at 170 (2) K. The redetermination is of significantly higher precision than the previous structure determination at room temperature and includes the H-atom coordinates that were not included in the previous report [Germain et al. (1977 ▶).

(E)-5-(2-Chloro-phen-yl)-7-ethyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-thieno[2,3-e][1,4]diazepin-4-ium 2,4,6-trinitro-phenolate.

In the title molecular salt, C(15)H(14)ClN(2)OS(+)·C(6)H(2)N(3)O(7) (-), protonation occurred on the double-bonded N atom. One of the nitro groups shows slight disorder over two orientations, with an occupancy ratio of 0.91:0.

3,3-Dimethyl-2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one.

In the title compound, C(10)H(10)O(2), all the non-H atoms except the methyl C atoms lie on a crystallographic mirror plane. In the crystal, C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into zigzag chains running parallel to [100]. Weak π-π stacking inter-actions between the benzene rings [centroid-centroid distance = 3.

2-(2-Benzyl-phen-yl)propan-2-ol.

There are two mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(16)H(18)O, a tertiary alcohol featuring a 2-benzyl-phenyl substituent. Co-operative O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds connect the mol-ecules into tetra-mers.

1-[2-(2-Bromo-phen-yl)eth-yl]-4-chloro-2-nitro-benzene.

In the title mol-ecule, C(14)H(11)BrClNO(2), the dihedral angle between the mean planes of the bromo-substitued benzene and the chloro-substituted benzene rings is 1.8 (4) °. The nitro group is twisted by 15.

Levocetirizinium dipicrate.

There are two cation-dianion pairs in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(21)H(27)ClN(2)O(3) (2+)·2C(6)H(2)N(3)O(7) (-) {systematic name: 1-[2-(carb-oxy-meth-oxy)eth-yl]-4-[(R)-(4-chloro-phen-yl)phenyl-meth-yl]piperazine-1,4-diium bis-(2,4,6-trinitro-phenol-ate)}. The piperazine group in the levocetirizinium cation is protonated at both N atoms. The acetyl end groups form R(2) (2)(8) hydrogen-bonded motifs with adjacent cations.

Desipramine hydro-chloride: a non-merohedrally twinned structure.

The title compound, C(18)H(23)N(2) (+)·Cl(-), is a non-merohedrally twinned salt [domains 0.9288 (3) and 0.0712 (3)] which crystallizes with four independent cation-anion pairs in the asymmetric unit.

Etoricoxibium picrate.

IN THE CATION OF THE TITLE SALT (SYSTEMATIC NAME: 5-{5-chloro-3-[4-(methyl-sulfon-yl)phen-yl]-2-pyrid-yl}-2-methyl-pyridinium 2,4,6-trinitro-phenolate), C(18)H(16)ClN(2)O(2)S(+)·C(6)H(2)N(3)O(7) (-), the mean planes of the two pyridine rings in the bipyridine unit are twisted by 33.9 (2)° with respect to each other. The dihedral angles between the mean planes of the sulfonyl-benzene ring and the chloro-pyridine and methyl-pyridine rings are 51.

2-Amino-5-nitro-phenyl 2-chloro-phenyl ketone.

In the title compound, C(13)H(9)ClN(2)O(3), an intra-molecular hydrogen bond between the carbonyl O and an amine H atom from the 2-amino-benzoyl group stabilizes the mol-ecule, keeping these two groups nearly in the same plane [dihedral angle 14.6 (6)°]. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the planar 2-amino-benzoyl and 2-chloro-benzoyl groups is 73.

4-(4-Carboxy-benz-yl)-1-methyl-piperazin-1-ium picrate.

The title compound, C(13)H(19)N(2)O(2) (+)·C(6)H(2)N(3)O(7) (-), is a salt obtained by cocrystallization of 4-[(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)meth-yl]benzoic acid and picric acid. The cations adopt an 'L-shaped' conformation and are linked into chains along [010] by O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds. The NH group of each piperazinium ring forms a hydrogen bond to the phenolate O atom of a picrate anion, and the picrate anions form face-to-face contacts with an inter-planar separation of 3.

11-[3-(Dimethyl-amino)prop-yl]-6,11-dihydro-dibenzo[b,e]thiepin-11-ol.

There are two independent mol-ecules (A and B) in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(19)H(23)NOS. In each mol-ecule, the seven-membered thiepine ring is bent into a slightly twisted V-shape. The dihedral angles between the mean planes of the two benzene rings fused to the thiepine ring are 75.

1-(2-Methyl-5-nitro-phenyl)guanidinium picrate.

In the crystal structure of the title salt, C(8)H(11)N(4)O(2) (+)·C(6)H(2)N(3)O(7) (-), the pictrate anion participates in extensive hydrogen bonding with the guanidinium ion group of the cation, linking the mol-ecules through N(+)-H⋯O(-) hydrogen bonds and inter-molecular N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O inter-actions. These hydrogen-bonding configurations involve two three-centre/bifurcated bonds [N-H⋯(O,O)] that are observed between two N atoms from the guanidinium ion group of the cation and the o-NO(2) and phenolate O atoms of the picrate anion. In addition, π-π inter-actions also contribute to the crystal packing, with a centroid-to-centroid distance of 3.

A modified cDNA subtraction to identify differentially expressed genes from plants with universal application to other eukaryotes.

We have designed a simple and efficient polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based cDNA subtraction protocol for high-throughput cloning of differentially expressed genes from plants that can be applied to any experimental system and as an alternative to DNA chip technology. Sequence-independent PCR-amplifiable first-strand cDNA population was synthesized by priming oligo-dT primer with a defined 5' heel sequence and ligating another specified single-stranded oligonucleotide primer on the 3' ends of first-strand cDNAs by T4 RNA ligase. A biotin label was introduced into the sense strands of cDNA that must be subtracted by using 5' biotinylated forward primer during PCR amplification to immobilize the sense strand onto the streptavidin-linked paramagnetic beads.

Protonation of trimipramine salts of maleate, mesylate and hydrochloride observed by 1H, 13C and 15N NMR spectroscopy.

Protonation of the tricyclic antidepressant drug trimipramine with maleic acid, methanesulfonic acid and hydrochloric acid was studied using 1H, 13C and 15N NMR spectroscopy at natural abundance. The effect of counter ions on the protonation was compared under identical conditions of solvent, concentration and temperature using homonuclear and heteronuclear one- and two-dimensional experiments. Differential protonation of the terminal tertiary amine nitrogen is determined from the indirect spin-spin couplings, chemical shifts, 13C relaxation data and variable-temperature experiments.

Differential protonation and dynamic structure of doxylamine succinate in solution using 1H and 13C NMR.

A protonation and dynamic structural study of doxylamine succinate, a 1:1 salt of succinic acid with dimethyl-[2-(1-phenyl-1-pyridin-2-yl-ethoxy)ethyl]amine, in solution using one- and two-dimensional 1H and 13C NMR experiments at variable temperature and concentration is presented. The two acidic protons of the salt doxylamine succinate are in 'intermediate' exchange at room temperature, as evidenced by the appearance of a broad signal. This signal evolves into two distinct signals below about -30 degrees C.