Evaluation of a same-metal PCB-based three-electrode system impedance studies using potassium ferricyanide.

We report for the first time the successful acquisition of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data using an unconventional same-metal PCB-based three-electrode system. Conventional three-electrode systems primarily require expensive and bulky electrodes, and a high volume of analytes to conduct electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies. The miniaturized PCB-based three-electrode system used in this work requires only trace amounts of analytes in the order of 10-20 μL owing to the design of the electrode sensor.

Insight into ion dynamics in a NaClO-doped polycaprolactone solid polymer electrolyte for solid state batteries.

Employing low polymers has fundamental limitations in providing the desirable ionic conductivity at ambient temperature due to the freezing of chain dynamics. The stiffening of polymer chains and the formation of highly ordered systems due to the crosslinks have influenced the ionic conductivity. Ionic conductivity of 1.

Facilitating Rapid Na Storage through MoWSe/C Heterostructure Construction and Synergistic Electrolyte Matching Strategy.

The realization of sodium-ion devices with high-power density and long-cycle capability is challenging due to the difficulties of carrier diffusion and electrode fragmentation in transition metal selenide anodes. Herein, a Mo/W-based metal-organic framework is constructed by a one-step method through rational selection, after which MoWSe/C heterostructures with large angles are synthesized by a facile selenization/carbonization strategy. Through physical characterization and theoretical calculations, the synthesized MoWSe/C electrode delivers obvious structural advantages and excellent electrochemical performance in an ethylene glycol dimethyl ether electrolyte.

Environmentally Friendly Water-Based Reduced Graphene Oxide/Cellulose Nanofiber Ink for Supercapacitor Electrode Applications.

The agglomeration of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) in water makes the development of rGO inks for supercapacitor printing challenging. Cellulose nanofiber (CNF), a biodegradable and renewable nanomaterial, can act as a nanospacer, preventing the agglomeration and restacking of rGO flakes. In this work, rGO/CNF films were fabricated using an environmentally friendly water-based rGO/CNF ink.

Prevalence of Antimicrobial-resistant Bacteria in HACCP Facilities.

Foodborne pathogens, such as and spp., develop antimicrobial resistance (AMR) over time, resulting in compromised food safety. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence, compliance against Malaysia's veterinary standing procedure directive (APTVM 16 (c): 1/2011): Appendix 7, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of and spp.

Enhanced Sodium Ion Batteries' Performance: Optimal Strategies on Electrolytes for Different Carbon-based Anodes.

Carbon-based materials have emerged as promising anodes for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to the merits of cost-effectiveness and renewability. However, the unsatisfactory performance has hindered the commercialization of SIBs. During the past decades, tremendous attention has been put into enhancing the electrochemical performance of carbon-based anodes from the perspective of improving the compatibility of electrolytes and electrodes.

Highly Conductive and Reusable Cellulose Hydrogels for Supercapacitor Applications.

We report Na-Alginate-based hydrogels with high ionic conductivity and water content fabrication using poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT): poly (4-styrene sulfonic acid) (PSS) and a hydrogel matrix based on dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). DMSO was incorporated within the PEDOT:PSS hydrogel. A hydrogel with higher conductivity was created through the in-situ synthesis of intra-Na-Alginate, which was then improved upon by HSO treatment.

Natural Solid-State Hydrogel Electrolytes Based on 3D Pure Cotton/Graphene for Supercapacitor Application.

A conductive cotton hydrogel with graphene and ions can come into contact with electrodes in solid electrolytes at the molecular level, leading to a more efficient electrochemical process in supercapacitors. The inherently soft nature of cotton mixed with hydrogel provides superior flexibility of the electrolyte, which benefits the devices in gaining high flexibility. Herein, we report on the current progress in solid-state hydrogel electrolytes based on 3D pure cotton/graphene and present an overview of the future direction of research.

Anticorrosion, Thermal Degradation, and Hydrophobic Performances of Graphene/TiO2 Nanocomposite Coatings.

Globally, researchers have devoted consistent efforts to producing excellent coating properties since coating plays an essential role in enhancing electrochemical performance and surface quality. In this study, TiO nanoparticles in varying concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 wt.

Novel same-metal three electrode system for cyclic voltammetry studies.

Conventional three-electrode systems used in electrochemical measurement demand time-consuming and maintenance intensive procedures to enable accurate and repeatable electrochemical measurements. Traditionally, different metal configurations are used to establish the electrochemical gradient required to acquire the redox activity, and vary between different electrochemical measurement platforms. However, in this work, we report using the same metal (gold) for the counter, working and reference electrodes fabricated on a miniaturized printed circuit board (PCB) for a much simpler design.

Poly (Vinyl Alcohol)/Agar Hydrogel Electrolytes Based Flexible All-in-One Supercapacitors with Conducting Polyaniline/Polypyrrole Electrodes.

The major components of supercapacitor are electrodes and electrolytes which are fabricated using various materials and methods. Hydrogel is one such material that is used in supercapacitors as electrodes and electrolytes or both. Hydrogels are usually described as a soft and porous network of polymer materials that can swell in water because of the hydrophilic nature of its polymer chains, compriseng a 3D structure.

Modification of DSSC Based on Polymer Composite Gel Electrolyte with Copper Oxide Nanochain by Shape Effect.

Solvent evaporation and leakage of liquid electrolytes that restrict the practicality of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) motivate the quest for the development of stable and ionic conductive electrolyte. Gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) fits the criteria, but it still suffers from low efficiency due to insufficient segmental motion within the electrolytes. Therefore, incorporating metal oxide nanofiller is one of the approaches to enhance the performance of electrolytes due to the presence of cross-linking centers that can be coordinated with the polymer segments.

Composite of medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates-co-methyl acrylate and carbon nanotubes as innovative electrodes modifier in microbial fuel cell.

A microbial fuel cell is a sustainable and environmental-friendly device that combines electricity generation and wastewater treatment through metabolic activities of microorganisms. However, low power output from inadequate electron transfer to the anode electrode hampers its practical implementation. Nanocomposites of oxidized carbon nanotubes and medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (mcl-PHA) grafted with methyl acrylate monomers enhance the electrochemical function of electrodes in microbial fuel cell.

Printed-Circuit-Board-Based Two-Electrode System for Electronic Characterization of Proteins.

Proteins have been increasingly suggested as suitable candidates for the fabrication of biological computers and other biomolecular-based electronic devices mainly due to their interesting structure-related intrinsic electrical properties. These natural biopolymers are environmentally friendly substitutes for conventional inorganic materials and find numerous applications in bioelectronics. Effective manipulation of protein biomolecules allows for accurate fabrication of nanoscaled device dimensions for miniaturized electronics.

Electrolyte selection for supercapacitive devices: a critical review.

Electrolytes are one of the vital constituents of electrochemical energy storage devices and their physical and chemical properties play an important role in these devices' performance, including capacity, power density, rate performance, cyclability and safety. This article reviews the current state of understanding of the electrode-electrolyte interaction in supercapacitors and battery-supercapacitor hybrid devices. The article discusses factors that affect the overall performance of the devices such as the ionic conductivity, mobility, diffusion coefficient, radius of bare and hydrated spheres, ion solvation, viscosity, dielectric constant, electrochemical stability, thermal stability and dispersion interaction.

Enhancing the Efficiency of a Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Based on a Metal Oxide Nanocomposite Gel Polymer Electrolyte.

To overcome the critical limitations of liquid-electrolyte-based dye-sensitized solar cells, quasi-solid-state electrolytes have been explored as a means of addressing long-term device stability, albeit with comparatively low ionic conductivities and device performances. Although metal oxide additives have been shown to augment ionic conductivity, their propensity to aggregate into large crystalline particles upon high-heat annealing hinders their full potential in quasi-solid-state electrolytes. In this work, sonochemical processing has been successfully applied to generate fine CoO nanoparticles that are highly dispersible in a PAN:P(VP--VAc) polymer-blended gel electrolyte, even after calcination.

A novel clinical test for assessing patellar cartilage changes and its correlation with magnetic resonance imaging and arthroscopy.

Controversy still exists regarding the best clinical assessment test for chondromalacia patellae (CMP). Our study aims to evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of a novel clinical test for CMP, the "Patella Slide Test" (PST) against the findings of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and arthroscopy. We included 221 consecutive patients planned for elective knee arthroscopic surgery.

Development and characterization of poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) copolymer based polymer electrolytes.

Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) are developed using poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) [P(VP-co-VAc)] as the host polymer, lithium bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonimide [LiTFSI] as the lithium salt and ionic liquid, and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide [EMImTFSI] by using solution casting technique. The effect of ionic liquid on ionic conductivity is studied and the optimum ionic conductivity at room temperature is found to be 2.14 × 10(-6) S cm(-1) for sample containing 25 wt% of EMImTFSI.

Placental thickness & its correlation to gestational age & foetal growth parameters- a cross sectional ultrasonographic study.

Background: The Gestational Age (GA) is frequently over or under estimated, as the conventional gestational estimation is based on the Last Menstrual Period (LMP) and on ultrasonography (USG). Many people are unaware of their LMP and irregular menstruations and USG is bound to have a bias, thereby posing difficulties in the GA estimation.

Aim: This study was aimed at estimating the (Placental Thickness) PT and at investigating the relationship between PT and the foetal growth parameters in normal singleton pregnancies.

Subacromial bursitis with giant rice bodies as initial presentation of rheumatoid arthritis.

Rice body formation is a nonspecific response to chronic synovial inflammation associated with tuberculous arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, seronegative inflammatory arthritis, and even osteoarthritis. Such bodies were termed rice bodies because of their close resemblance to grains of polished white rice. We present a case report of a middle-aged woman with right shoulder subacromial/subdeltoid bursitis with giant rice body formation as her initial presentation of rheumatoid arthritis.

Complex elbow dislocation associated with radial and ulnar diaphyseal fractures: a rare combination.

We illustrate a rare complex dislocation of the elbow involving a posterior ulno-humeral dislocation associated with open diaphyseal fracture of the ulna, radial shaft fracture, Type 1 coronoid fracture and neuropraxia of the deep branch of the radial nerve. The isolated ulno-humeral dislocation without radio-capitellar involvement, and ulnar diaphyseal fracture, makes this "reverse Monteggia" type of injury pattern very unique. This patient was managed with an initial reduction of his ulno-humeral joint and stabilization of his radius and ulna fractures.