The training process of many deep networks explores the same low-dimensional manifold.

We develop information-geometric techniques to analyze the trajectories of the predictions of deep networks during training. By examining the underlying high-dimensional probabilistic models, we reveal that the training process explores an effectively low-dimensional manifold. Networks with a wide range of architectures, sizes, trained using different optimization methods, regularization techniques, data augmentation techniques, and weight initializations lie on the same manifold in the prediction space.

Atomic layer deposition for tuning the surface chemical composition of nickel iron phosphates for oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline electrolyzers.

Transition metal phosphates are promising catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline medium. Herein, Fe-doped Ni phosphates are deposited using plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PE-ALD) at 300 °C. A sequence ofFe phosphate PE-ALD cycles andNi phosphate PE-ALD cycles is repeatedtimes.

A study establishing sensitivity and accuracy of smartphone photography in ophthalmologic community outreach programs: Review of a smart eye camera.

Purpose: Diseases affecting the cornea are a major cause of corneal blindness globally. The pressing issue we are facing today is the lack of diagnostic devices in rural areas to diagnose these conditions. The aim of the study is to establish sensitivity and accuracy of smartphone photography using a smart eye camera (SEC) in ophthalmologic community outreach programs.

Analysis on the completeness of case records of patients with penetrating ocular trauma following a multimodal intervention.

Purpose: To describe the process development of a multimodal intervention and the pre- and postintervention results on the completeness of case records of patients with penetrating ocular trauma in a high-volume tertiary eye care hospital in south India.

Methods: A multimodal intervention including an objective-validated case sheet template, an education program, a physical template case record reminder, a continuous near-real time audit process, and a feedback system was developed. Analysis on the completeness of the case records of patients with ocular trauma from October 2020 to December 2020 (preintervention) and from January 2021 to March 2021 (postintervention) was performed.

Comparative study on costs incurred for treatment of patients with bacterial and fungal keratitis - A retrospective analysis.

Purpose: To compare the costs associated with medications and travel of patients with smear-proven bacterial keratitis and fungal keratitis in a tertiary care center in India.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of case records of a cohort of patients who presented between April 2017 and March 2018 to a tertiary care center in India, with infectious keratitis who were smear-positive for bacteria or fungi, and whose costs of treatment and travel were supported by a philanthropic program.

Results: In total, 672 case records of 177 smear-positive bacterial keratitis (BK) and 495 smear-positive fungal keratitis (FK) were included in the study.

Prevalence of Bandemia in Respiratory Viral Infections: A Pediatric Emergency Room Experience.

The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of bandemia in confirmed respiratory viral infections in febrile infants and children presenting to the emergency department. An observational retrospective study from January 1, 2016, through December 31, 2016, was conducted in patients between the ages of ≥ 1 month and ≤ 5 years presenting to the emergency room with fever and who had a complete blood cell count performed. Patients were separated into seven groups based on the type of respiratory viral infection.

Atomic layer deposition of tungsten sulfide using a new metal-organic precursor and HS: thin film catalyst for water splitting.

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are extensively researched in the past few years due to their two-dimensional layered structure similar to graphite. This group of materials offers tunable optoelectronic properties depending on the number of layers and therefore have a wide range of applications. Tungsten disulfide (WS) is one of such TMDs that has been studied relatively less compared to MoS.

Low-Temperature Atomic Layer Deposition of Highly Conformal Tin Nitride Thin Films for Energy Storage Devices.

We present an atomic layer deposition (ALD) process for the synthesis of tin nitride (SnN) thin films using tetrakis(dimethylamino) tin (TDMASn, Sn(NMe)) and ammonia (NH) as the precursors at low deposition temperatures (70-200 °C). This newly developed ALD scheme exhibits ideal ALD features such as self-limited film growth at 150 °C. The growth per cycle (GPC) was found to be ∼0.

Enhanced activity of highly conformal and layered tin sulfide (SnS) prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on 3D metal scaffold towards high performance supercapacitor electrode.

Layered Sn-based chalcogenides and heterostructures are widely used in batteries and photocatalysis, but its utilizations in a supercapacitor is limited by its structural instability and low conductivity. Here, SnS thin films are directly and conformally deposited on a three-dimensional (3D) Ni-foam (NF) substrate by atomic layer deposition (ALD), using tetrakis(dimethylamino)tin [TDMASn, ((CH)N)Sn] and HS that serves as an electrode for supercapacitor without any additional treatment. Two kinds of ALD-SnS films grown at 160 °C and 180 °C are investigated systematically by X-ray diffractometry, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Atomic-Layer-Deposited MoN Thin Films on Three-Dimensional Ni Foam as Efficient Catalysts for the Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

Future realization of a hydrogen-based economy requires a high-surface-area, low-cost, and robust electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In this study, the MoN thin layer is synthesized on to a high-surface-area three-dimensional (3D) nickel foam (NF) substrate using atomic layer deposition (ALD) for HER catalysis. MoN is grown on NF by the sequential exposure of Mo(CO) and NH at 225 °C.

Oxygen reduction reaction and peroxide generation on shape-controlled and polycrystalline platinum nanoparticles in acidic and alkaline electrolytes.

Shape-controlled Pt nanoparticles (cubic, tetrahedral, and cuboctahedral) are synthesized using stabilizers and capping agents. The nanoparticles are cleaned thoroughly and electrochemically characterized in acidic (0.5 M H2SO4 and 0.