Rutin-chitooligosaccharide complex: Comprehensive evaluation of its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties and .

This study investigated the potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the rutin-chitooligosaccharide (R-COS) complex both and . Initially, the cytotoxicity of R-COS was assessed in RAW 264.7 cells using an MTT assay.

Transcriptome profiling and metabolic pathway analysis towards reliable biomarker discovery in early-stage lung cancer.

Earlier diagnosis of lung cancer is crucial for reducing mortality and morbidity in high-risk patients. Liquid biopsy is a critical technique for detecting the cancer earlier and tracking the treatment outcomes. However, noninvasive biomarkers are desperately needed due to the lack of therapeutic sensitivity and early-stage diagnosis.

Trabeculectomy Augmented with Limited Deep Sclerectomy and Cyclodialysis with Use of Scleral Tissue as a Spacer.

Trabeculectomy remains the most commonly performed surgery for medically uncontrolled glaucoma. Its success in primary open angle glaucoma is approximately 82% in the initial year after surgery and 64% at the end of five years. Lower success rates have been found in secondary glaucomas like neovascular glucoma, uvietic glaucoma, post-traumatic glaucoma, and for repeat surgeries.

Machine learning driven drug repurposing strategy for identification of potential RET inhibitors against non-small cell lung cancer.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide accounting about 85% of total lung cancer cases. The receptor REarranged during Transfection (RET) plays an important role by ligand independent activation of kinase domain resulting in carcinogenesis. Presently, the treatment for RET driven NSCLC is limited to multiple kinase inhibitors.

Designing Novel Compounds for the Treatment and Management of RET-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer-Fragment Based Drug Design Strategy.

Rearranged during transfection (RET) is an oncogenic driver receptor that is overexpressed in several cancer types, including non-small cell lung cancer. To date, only multiple kinase inhibitors are widely used to treat RET-positive cancer patients. These inhibitors exhibit high toxicity, less efficacy, and specificity against RET.

Manual loop in laparoscopic appendectomy: A retrospective cohort study and literature review.

Objectives: To determine the incidence of complications [Surgical site infection (SSI), intra-abdominal abscess (IAA), stump leak] related to stump ligation with manual loop of sliding extracorporeal suture knot in laparoscopic appendectomy.

Methods: This cohort study was conducted on patients who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy from June 2014 to November 2020 performed by the same surgeon with almost similar technique. Stump was ligated with manual loops, applied by the surgeon or trainee or both (one by surgeon and other by trainee).

Flavonoids: Classification, Function, and Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Bone Remodelling.

Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds spotted in various fruits, vegetables, barks, tea plants, and stems and many more natural commodities. They have a multitude of applications through their anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-carcinogenic properties, along with the ability to assist in the stimulation of bone formation. Bone, a rigid connective body tissue made up of cells embedded in a mineralised matrix is maintained by an assemblage of pathways assisting osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis.

Discovery of a Potent Candidate for RET-Specific Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer-A Combined In Silico and In Vitro Strategy.

Rearranged during transfection (RET) is a tyrosine kinase oncogenic receptor, activated in several cancers including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Multiple kinase inhibitors vandetanib and cabozantinib are commonly used in the treatment of RET-positive NSCLC. However, specificity, toxicity, and reduced efficacy limit the usage of multiple kinase inhibitors in targeting RET protein.

Prediction of Micronucleus Assay Outcome Using In Vivo Activity Data and Molecular Structure Features.

In vivo micronucleus assay is the widely used genotoxic test to determine the extent of chromosomal aberrations caused by the chemicals in human beings, which plays a significant role in the drug discovery paradigm. To reduce the uncertainties of the in vivo experiments and the expenses, we intended to develop novel machine learning-based tools to predict the toxicity of the compounds with high precision. A total of 372 compounds with known toxicity information were retrieved from the PubChem Bioassay database and literature.

Need of additional iridotomies despite lens extraction in spherophakes.

Spherophakes are known to have irregular anterior chamber (AC) depths due to their poorly supported zonules. This irregularity leads to an unstable AC, often resulting in angle closure glaucoma from anterior subluxation of globular lenses. A peripheral iridotomy may be helpful to encourage aqueous drainage in initial stages, however, is not often required once lens is extracted.

Ethics of Glaucoma Widgets.

Dada T, Ramesh P, Sethi A, Ethics of Glaucoma Widgets. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2020;14(3):77-80.

A review on recent advancements in diagnosis and classification of cancers using artificial intelligence.

Artificial intelligence has illustrated drastic changes in radiology and medical imaging techniques which in turn led to tremendous changes in screening patterns. In particular, advancements in these techniques led to the development of computer aided detection (CAD) strategy. These approaches provided highly accurate diagnostic reports which served as a "second-opinion" to the radiologists.

Comparative Evaluation of Rebound and Perkins Tonometers in Pediatric Glaucoma With Varied Corneal Characteristics.

Precis: Icare tonometer overestimated intraocular pressure (IOP) as compared with Perkins and this variation was higher in IOP>19 mm Hg and corneal opacity in patients with pediatric glaucoma.

Purpose: To compare the IOP measured by Icare ic200 with Perkins tonometer in pediatric glaucoma with different corneal characteristics.

Methods: Patients of pediatric glaucoma posted for routine examination under anesthesia, age below 12 years were enrolled.

Gene expression profiling of corona virus microarray datasets to identify crucial targets in COVID-19 patients.

The current outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been affecting millions of people and has caused devastating mortality worldwide. Moreover, it is to be noted that cytokine storm has become an important cause for the rising mortality. However, the efforts for the development of drugs, vaccines and treatment has also been intervened due to poor understanding of host's defense mechanism and also due to the development of cytokine storm against this viral infection.

Attention in visually typical and amblyopic children.

Amblyopia is a cortical visual disorder caused by unequal visual input to the brain from the two eyes during development. Amblyopes show reduced visual acuity and contrast sensitivity and abnormal binocularity, as well as more "global" perceptual losses, such as figure-ground segregation and global form integration. Currently, there is no consensus on the neural basis for these higher-order perceptual losses.

Meditation: A Polypill for Comprehensive Management of Glaucoma Patients.

Meditation is an ancient behavioral intervention, however, its benefits for achieving holistic health have been highlighted in recent times with rigorous scientific studies revealing its benefits in many chronic diseases. It has been specially found useful in neurodegenerative diseases and recent evidence points to the positive effects of meditation in preserving gray and white matter in the adult brain. It is also a potential therapy to downregulate processes implicated in brain aging and confer "neuroprotection"-something we all look forward to for our glaucoma patients.

Generation and characterization of a bivalent protein boost for future clinical trials: HIV-1 subtypes CR01_AE and B gp120 antigens with a potent adjuvant.

The RV144 Phase III clinical trial with ALVAC-HIV prime and AIDSVAX B/E subtypes CRF01_AE (A244) and B (MN) gp120 boost vaccine regime in Thailand provided a foundation for the future development of improved vaccine strategies that may afford protection against the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Results from this trial showed that immune responses directed against specific regions V1V2 of the viral envelope (Env) glycoprotein gp120 of HIV-1, were inversely correlated to the risk of HIV-1 infection. Due to the low production of gp120 proteins in CHO cells (2-20 mg/L), cleavage sites in V1V2 loops (A244) and V3 loop (MN) causing heterogeneous antigen products, it was an urgent need to generate CHO cells harboring A244 gp120 with high production yields and an additional, homogenous and uncleaved subtype B gp120 protein to replace MN used in RV144 for the future clinical trials.

Impact of Clear Corneal Incision Morphology on Incision-Site Descemet Membrane Detachment in Conventional and Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Phacoemulsification.

Purpose: To assess intraoperative morphology of clear corneal incisions (CCI) and its impact on incision-site descemet membrane detachment (DMD) in conventional phacoemulsification and femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS).

Methods: Prospective comparative study of 129 eyes that underwent either conventional phacoemulsification (Group I, n = 77) or FLACS (Group II, n = 52) was undertaken at an apex tertiary care ophthalmic setup. In group I, a 2.

A Comparison of Visual Outcomes and Patient Satisfaction Between Photorefractive Keratectomy and Femtosecond Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis.

Purpose To compare visual outcomes and satisfaction among patients of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK; Wavelight EX 500, Alcon, Ft Worth, TX, USA) and femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FAL; Wavelight FS 200 laser and Wavelight EX 500, Alcon, Ft Worth, TX, USA). Methods We performed a retrospective study of 409 eyes in 207 patients that underwent either PRK (n=90) or FAL (n=117) at the two centers of Hashmanis Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. The included refractive outcomes were sphere diopters (D), cylinder D, and spherical equivalent D.

Assessment and Improvement of Quality of Life in Patients Undergoing Treatment for Head and Neck Cancer.

Introduction: We compared the pre and post-treatment quality of life in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients and identified factors that could improve the quality of life in such patients.   Methods: The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) questionnaire was administered to 84 patients' pre and post-treatment. Patients who had non-metastatic, measurable, and untreated HNCs were invited, provided that their age was below 80 years.

Comparison of visual acuity, refractive outcomes, and satisfaction between LASIK performed with a microkeratome and a femto laser.

Purpose: To compare refractive outcomes, visual acuities, and satisfaction of patients between those treated with laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) using a Hansatome microkeratome (HM) and femto-assisted laser (FAL).

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of 1,366 eyes in 687 patients who underwent LASIK with an HM (n=1,137) and an FAL (n=229) at the two centers of Hashmanis Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Refractive outcomes, including sphere, cylinder, and spherical equivalent in diopters (D), and visual acuities were assessed both preoperatively and at 1 month follow-up.