Assessing Educational Impact of Worldwide Webinar on Management of Myopia Progression in Children.

Objective: To assess the educational impact of a worldwide webinar approach to myopia progression management in children <8 years and 8-12 years old.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: A self-administered survey was conducted for attendees of a 3 h worldwide webinar held in two parts on consecutive days on the management of myopia progression in children.

Orbital Myositis and Strabismus: Clinical Profile, Management, and Predictive Factors for Recurrence.

Purpose: To study the clinical profile of patients with orbital myositis and their management modalities and predictive factors for recurrence.

Methods: The records of all consecutive patients diagnosed as having orbital myositis from 2010 to 2022 were reviewed. Patient demographics, presenting complaints, visual function, primary gaze deviation, and extraocular muscle involved were studied in the clinical profile.

Postural control depends on early visual experience.

The present study investigated the role of early visual experience in the development of postural control (balance) and locomotion (gait). In a cross-sectional design, balance and gait were assessed in 59 participants (ages 7-43 years) with a history of (a) transient congenital blindness, (b) transient late-onset blindness, (c) permanent congenitally blindness, or (d) permanent late-onset blindness, as well as in normally sighted controls. Cataract-reversal participants who experienced a transient phase of blindness and gained sight through cataract removal surgery showed worse balance performance compared with sighted controls even when tested with eyes closed.

Arachidonic acid metabolism regulates the development of retinopathy of prematurity among preterm infants.

Extremely preterm infants are at risk of developing retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), characterized by neovascularization and neuroinflammation leading to blindness. Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation is recommended in preterm infants to lower the risk of ROP, however, with no significant improvement in visual acuity. Reasonably, this could be as a result of the non-consideration of PUFA metabolizing enzymes.

Ectopia Lentis: Clinical profiles in a large cohort of children from a Tertiary Eye Care network in India.

Purpose: To study the clinical presentations, visual, and refractive profiles of children with congenital ectopia lentis in a large cohort of patients from a tertiary eye care network in India.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review of electronic medical records from December 2012 to December 2020 was conducted. Two hundred and ninety-seven consecutive children ≤18 years of age at presentation were identified and analyzed for demographic details, patient distribution, lens subluxation, visual, and refractive profiles before and after the interventions.

Myopic shift, refractive, and visual outcomes after 5 years of infantile cataract surgery: Our experience and review of literature.

Purpose: After infantile cataract surgery, axial elongation, induces a myopic shift that cannot be fully compensated by corneal flattening and the rate is unpredictable owing to the non-linear growth of the eye. The current prospective study assesses the myopic shift and visual outcomes in children undergoing cataract surgery in infancy over a follow-up period of 5 years.

Materials And Methods: A prospective study conducted at a tertiary eye care center to evaluate the five-year myopic shift, refractive and visual outcomes in infants, who underwent surgery for congenital cataract in infancy.

Intraoperative challenges and outcomes of pediatric cataract surgery following glaucoma filtering surgery.

Purpose: To analyze the intraoperative challenges of cataract surgery in children, following glaucoma filtering surgery.

Methods: This was a retrospective study to analyze intra-op challenges and outcomes of pediatric cataract surgery in post-glaucoma filtration surgery eyes, between January 2007 and December 2019.

Results: We included 20 eyes of 16 children.

Paracentral acute middle maculopathy in a patient with Myelin Oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody associated optic neuritis.

Purpose: There is insufficient literature reporting the concurrent occurrence of retinal ischemic lesions with optic neuritis. In this case report, we present a distinctive instance of Optic Neuritis with a positive Myelin Oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody, accompanied by retinal ischemia manifesting as paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) lesions.

Observations: Our patient is a 25-year-old female who tested positive for MOG antibodies and exhibited retinal PAMM lesions without any apparent underlying ischemic cause.

Pediatric myopic strabismus fixus: clinical features and surgical outcomes of silicone band loop myopexy.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical profile of myopic strabismus fixus (MSF) in children and surgical outcomes of silicone band loop myopexy.

Method: We retrospectively reviewed records of children presenting with MSF who underwent silicone band loop myopexy between January 2008 and December 2020 at a tertiary eye care center. Data concerning demographics, refractive error, axial length, extra-ocular motility, and ocular alignment pre-operatively and post-operatively, intra- and post-operative complications, ocular and systemic associations, were evaluated.

Subnormal visual acuity after compliant amblyopia therapy: residual/refractory amblyopia or co-existing pathology? - a retrospective analysis.

: To assess the prevalence of alternate etiology/co-existing pathology among patients with amblyopia, and to characterize factors contributing to over-diagnosis of amblyopia. : We retrospectively reviewed records of children (from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2019) who were initially diagnosed as "amblyopia" but later an alternate diagnosis for subnormal vision was established. Patients who had a best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of ≤20/32 (0.

Agreement Between Virtual Reality Perimetry and Static Automated Perimetry in Various Neuro-Ophthalmological Conditions: A Pilot Study.

Our objective was to compare the agreement between virtual reality perimetry (VRP) (order of magnitude, OM) and static automated perimetry (SAP) in various neuro-ophthalmological conditions. We carried out a retrospective analysis of visual field plots of patients with various neuro-ophthalmological conditions who underwent visual field testing using VRP and SAP and between 1 January and 31 May 2022. Two fellowship-trained neuro-ophthalmologists compared the visual field defects observed on both devices.

Facial dysmorphism in congenital rubella syndrome.

Purpose: To investigate the dysmorphic facial features in congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) and describe their associations with ocular and systemic features.

Methods: The medical records of children diagnosed with CRS between 2016 and 2021 were retrospectively reviewed for ocular and systemic features. CRS was diagnosed either on the basis of positive serology for rubella antibodies or with the classic triad of congenital cataract, sensorineural hearing loss, and congenital heart defect.

Early visual experience refines the retinotopic organization within and across visual cortical regions.

Early visual areas are retinotopically organized in human and non-human primates. Population receptive field (pRF) size increases with eccentricity and from lower- to higher-level visual areas. Furthermore, the cortical magnification factor (CMF), a measure of how much cortical space is devoted to each degree of visual angle, is typically larger for foveal as opposed to peripheral regions of the visual field.

Prevention and management of childhood progressive myopia: National consensus guidelines.

Myopia is a major public health problem worldwide, including India, with the global prevalence of myopia increasing rapidly over decades. The clinical and socioeconomic impact of myopia is also expected to rise with rising prevalence. Therefore, the focus has now been shifted to prevent the incidence and progression of myopia.

Different strokes for anterior capsulorhexis in pediatric cataract.

Background: A successful outcome in pediatric cataract surgery is determined by an intact, curvilinear anterior capsulotomy which is dependent on the type and density of cataract, the morphology of the anterior capsule, and associated anterior segment pathologies.

Purpose: This video highlights 10 different techniques which can be used for capsulorhexis in pediatric cataract.

Synopsis: The choice of technique for capsulorhexis in pediatric cataract is on case basis, namely the gold standard manual capsulotomy aided by rhexis forceps (1.

Visual outcomes and safety profile of intraocular lens implantation versus aphakia in children with microspherophakia with no subluxation.

Objective: To study the visual, refractive and surgical outcomes of intraocular lens (IOL) implantation versus aphakia in children with microspherophakia.

Design: Retrospective, comparative, non-randomised interventional study.

Methods: All consecutive children with microspherophakia who satisfied the inclusion criteria were included.

The development of oscillatory and aperiodic resting state activity is linked to a sensitive period in humans.

Congenital blindness leads to profound changes in electroencephalographic (EEG) resting state activity. A well-known consequence of congenital blindness in humans is the reduction of alpha activity which seems to go together with increased gamma activity during rest. These results have been interpreted as indicating a higher excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) ratio in visual cortex compared to normally sighted controls.

Stimulus-evoked and resting-state alpha oscillations show a linked dependence on patterned visual experience for development.

Persistent visual impairments after congenital blindness due to dense bilateral cataracts have been attributed to altered visual cortex development within a sensitive period. Occipital alpha (8-14 Hz) oscillations were found to be reduced after congenital cataract reversal, while participants performed visual motion tasks. However, it has been unclear whether reduced alpha oscillations were task-specific, or linked to impaired visual behavior in cataract-reversed individuals.

Unraveling congenital ptosis with the aid of the pediatric perimeter device.

Background: Ocular morbidity with an early onset can have a significant impact on the long-term development of an individual. Hence, careful assessment of visual functions early on is very important. However, testing infants always poses a challenge.

Active vision in sight recovery individuals with a history of long-lasting congenital blindness.

What we see is intimately linked to how we actively and systematically explore the world through eye movements. However, it is unknown to what degree visual experience during early development is necessary for such systematic visual exploration to emerge. The present study investigated visual exploration behavior in ten human participants whose sight had been restored only in childhood or adulthood, after a period of congenital blindness due to dense bilateral congenital cataracts.

"Peek-a-boo" Sign in Pediatric Cataract Surgery.

The authors demonstrate a "peek-a-boo" sign for intra-operative evaluation of the posterior pole of the fundus during pediatric cataract surgery. .

Inside-out and outside-in: Tips and tricks in posterior lenticonus.

Background: Posterior lenticonus is a congenital condition characterized by the thinning and bowing of posterior lenticular capsule. Cataract develops when normal intra-lenticular pressure bulges the posterior capsule at the circumscribed portion of inherent thin posterior lens capsule, leading to derangement of lamellar lens fibers. This condition poses a surgical challenge as the presentation varies from thin, bulging posterior capsule to large, pre-existing posterior capsular dehiscence.