Publications by authors named "Ramesh Gupta"
: Lung cancer is one of the deadliest cancers, and drug resistance complicates its treatment. Mahanine (MH), an alkaloid from has been known for its anti-cancer properties. However, its effectiveness and mechanisms in treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain largely unexplored.
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- The popularity of nutraceuticals has surged in recent years, especially post-COVID-19, due to their accessibility, affordability, and general safety profile.
- While many nutraceuticals are safe, some carry risks of toxicity, and there is insufficient safety data for many due to a lack of comprehensive studies.
- The safety of nutraceuticals can be affected by contamination, and understanding pharmacokinetics and interaction studies is crucial for assessing their safety when used alongside other medications.
Article Synopsis
- Breast cancer is a significant global health issue, and certain culinary spices may offer medicinal benefits due to their phytochemical properties.
- Many phytochemicals have poor absorption in the body, but using bovine milk and colostrum exosomes can improve delivery and effectiveness, allowing lower doses to fight cancer growth.
- Research showed that eight spice extracts exhibit varying levels of antiproliferative activity against breast cancer cells, and acid hydrolysis can enhance this activity; exosomal formulations further reduce the doses needed for effective treatment, especially with specific spices like celery and cumin.
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- Mitochondrial dysfunction in heart failure (HF) is linked to reduced levels of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) in diabetic hearts, leading to toxic aldehyde accumulation like 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4HNE).
- A study comparing left ventricular tissue from HF and normal dogs found decreased total mitochondrial ALDH2 protein and activity in HF, along with increased 4HNE protein adducts.
- Enhancing mALDH2 activity with ALDA-1 in failing cardiomyocytes improved mitochondrial function, highlighting its potential therapeutic role in HF treatment.
The emergence of highly infectious pathogens with their potential for triggering global pandemics necessitate the development of effective treatment strategies, including broad-spectrum antiviral therapies to safeguard human health. This study investigates the antiviral activity of emetine, dehydroemetine (DHE), and congeneric compounds against SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-OC43, and evaluates their impact on the host cell. Concurrently, we assess the potential cardiotoxicity of these ipecac alkaloids.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMahanine mediated therapeutic inhibition of estrogen receptor-α and CDK4/6 expression, decipher the chemoprevention-signaling cascade in preclinical model of breast cancer.
Suman Kumar Samanta Paramita Choudhury Raghuram Kandimalla Farrukh Aqil Disha N Moholkar Ramesh C Gupta
J Ethnopharmacol
January 2024
Article Synopsis
- * The study used techniques like Western blotting and ELISA to analyze MH's effects on breast cancer cells, showing it reduces cell viability in both drug-sensitive and resistant cancer cell lines.
- * Results indicate that MH works synergistically with tamoxifen in estrogen receptor-positive cells and inhibits specific cell cycle regulatory genes, while also reducing serum leptin levels and preventing tumor development in rats over a 12-week period.
Article Synopsis
- Gene therapy has struggled to gain traction in treating various diseases over the past 30 years due to challenges in effectively delivering therapeutic nucleic acids to their targets.
- * The limitations of current plasmid DNA delivery methods, including naked pDNA and nanoparticles, have prompted the search for more efficient systems that minimize side effects and maximize efficacy.
- * This review focuses on using exosomes derived from bovine milk and colostrum as a promising delivery platform for plasmid DNA in gene therapy, highlighting their scalability, cost-effectiveness, and ability to target multiple tissues.
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- Cancer has overtaken heart disease as the leading cause of death worldwide for those aged 45-65, prompting increased research focus on effective treatments.
- Current first-line cancer therapies face challenges due to their high toxicity and lack of specificity towards cancer cells, leading to a push for innovative nano formulations to deliver drugs more effectively.
- Lipid-based carriers, including liposomes and exosomes, are being explored for their favorable properties, with recent efforts directed at creating hybrid exosomes to enhance drug delivery by combining the benefits of both types of carriers.
The receptor of Advanced Glycation Endproducts (RAGE) and Advanced Glycation Endproducts (AGE) have multiple functions in our body and their restraint are being observed in neurodegenerative and memory impairment disorders. The review of different pathways allows an understanding of the probable mechanism of neurodegeneration and memory impairment involving RAGE and AGE. Commonly we observe AGE accumulation in neural cells and tissues but the extent of accumulation increases with the presence of memory impairment disorder.
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- - Chemotherapy remains a key treatment for various cancers but often causes severe side effects and compromises patients' quality of life; new methods for drug delivery, such as nanoparticles and liposomes, have seen limited success due to various challenges.
- - Exosomes, particularly those derived from bovine milk, offer a promising alternative for delivering cancer treatments, as they can be engineered for targeted delivery and help reduce toxicity while enhancing drug efficacy.
- - The article reviews studies on exosomal delivery systems, particularly for small molecules and biologics like siRNA, highlighting the benefits of milk exosomes but also emphasizing the need for further research on their safety and effectiveness compared to existing nanoformulations.
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- A new curcumin metal complex called TurmiZn, made with tetrahydrocurcumin and zinc, shows enhanced stability, solubility, and antioxidant properties compared to regular curcumin.
- In laboratory tests, TurmiZn was found to be about three times more easily absorbed in pig intestinal cells and significantly more effective at increasing metabolite levels in chickens and rats.
- Additionally, TurmiZn demonstrated superior antioxidant effects, being 13 times more effective than curcumin, and effectively reduced inflammatory cytokines in various cell types and animal models.
Purpose: To determine the level of awareness and knowledge about glaucoma surgery and post-surgery counseling amongst paramedical staff at a tertiary eye-care hospital.
Methods: This observational cross-sectional study included a random sample of 94 hospital personnel: 37 general nurse midwives, 47 ophthalmic assistants, and 10 patient caretakers (PCTs). Participants were administered a questionnaire about glaucoma surgery and post-surgery counseling of patients.
Article Synopsis
- * Carbofuran, commonly used in agriculture, quickly injures ocular tissues, leading to symptoms like blurred vision, pain, and potential long-term effects such as vision impairment and corneal damage.
- * The pesticide disrupts normal eye function by inhibiting essential enzymes, resulting in excessive stimulation of certain receptors and altering critical processes in corneal healing.
Exosome-based approaches in the management of Alzheimer's disease.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev
January 2023
Article Synopsis
- Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major neurological disorder linked to protein misfolding in the brain, primarily involving amyloid-β and tau proteins.
- Current therapies and nanotech advancements can help manage symptoms, but there is no known cure yet.
- Exosomes, which can be used as drug delivery systems, play a complex role in both the advancement and treatment of AD, and the review focuses on their potential in improving diagnosis and therapy for the disease.
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- The study compares the impact of the second (March 2021 to June 2021) and third (January 2022 to April 2022) waves of COVID-19 in Meerut, India, focusing on factors like age, sex, and mortality rates among diagnosed patients.
- During the second wave, the RT-PCR positivity rate was higher (8.24%) compared to the third wave (5.66%), although positivity in young males and adolescents increased in the third wave.
- Mortality rates dropped significantly by about one-third during the third wave, and the overall impact on young children remained comparable across both waves.
Article Synopsis
- The text indicates a correction made to the original article identified by the DOI 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.08.011.
- This correction may address errors or inaccuracies that were present in the initial publication.
- Understanding the specifics of the correction could be important for readers relying on the findings or data presented in the original article.
Gonioscopic angle evaluation and its correlation with graft survival and post-operative ocular hypertension in patients of Descemet's stripping endothelial keratoplasty.
Rakesh Shakya Navjot Singh Ahluwalia Chintan Shah Amit Mohan Gautam Parmar Amit Gupta Ramesh K C Gupta
Indian J Ophthalmol
September 2022
Purpose: To evaluate the gonioscopic changes in patients receiving Descemet's stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK) without pre-existing ocular hypertension (OHT) and to report its correlation with post-surgery OHT, graft survival, and visual outcomes.
Methods: Adult patients who underwent DSEK surgery from April 2014 to March 2018 with at least 2 years of follow-up were analyzed in this retrospective study. Demographic details, indication of DSEK, necessary anterior and posterior segment findings, and the post-DSEK OHT details were documented.
A model system for antiviral siRNA therapeutics using exosome-based delivery.
Margaret Wallen Farrukh Aqil Raghuram Kandimalla Jeyaprakash Jeyabalan Supipi Auwardt Ramesh C Gupta
Mol Ther Nucleic Acids
September 2022
Article Synopsis
- Emerging viral diseases like Ebola, SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 pose challenges for therapy development due to strict safety protocols and rapid viral mutations.
- A novel colostrum exosome-based nanoparticle delivery system, EPM, was created to simulate viral protein expression and facilitate antiviral therapeutic screening in a safer environment.
- The EPM system successfully expressed key SARS-CoV-2 proteins and identified siRNAs that effectively reduced protein expression by 80%-95%, producing antibodies that persisted for up to 45 days, demonstrating its potential for therapeutic research.
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- Taurine is a compound found in seafood and energy drinks, produced in the human liver, and functions as an important antioxidant and protector in various tissues like the heart and muscles.
- It plays a significant role in energy metabolism, calcium balance, and is crucial for bone growth and health.
- This review highlights the recent findings on taurine's effects on bone development and conditions such as osteoporosis and fracture healing, along with its relationship with cartilage.
Article Synopsis
- * N-bromotaurine (TauNH-Br), derived from inflammatory cells, shows potential as a local treatment due to its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties.
- * In two resistant cases of pustular-plaque psoriasis, 1% TauNH-Br led to significant improvement, especially when combined with taurine and olive oil, resulting in faster healing and fewer side effects compared to traditional treatments.
Article Synopsis
- Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women, representing about 25% of all diagnosed cases, with traditional treatments like chemotherapy and surgery often leading to toxic side effects.
- New nano platforms, particularly exosomes, offer promising alternatives for both diagnosing and delivering treatments for breast cancer, functioning as tiny delivery vehicles that help improve therapy effectiveness.
- This overview will detail exosome formation, isolation methods, drug loading techniques, and their roles in breast cancer research and therapy, alongside relevant clinical trials, paving the way for future studies in this area.
Article Synopsis
- Exosomes are tiny particles that facilitate communication between cells by transferring various molecular materials.
- They carry a diverse range of biological cargo, including lipids, proteins, and different types of RNA and DNA.
- Their role in intercellular communication highlights their importance in biological processes and potential implications in health and disease.
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- Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is aggressive and lacks specific drug-targetable receptors, making chemotherapy the only treatment, which often leads to relapse and poor outcomes.
- A study shows that bilberry-derived anthocyanidins (Anthos) can suppress TNBC growth and help resensitize PAC-resistant TNBC cells by affecting key signaling pathways and growth factors.
- Combining Anthos with the chemotherapy drug paclitaxel (PAC) significantly reduces tumor size and enhances effectiveness against PAC-resistant TNBC, offering a promising new strategy for managing this challenging cancer subtype.