Tofacitinib use in ulcerative colitis: An expert consensus for day-to-day clinical practice.

Rising number of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) cases in developing countries necessitate clear guidance for clinicians for the appropriate use of advanced therapies. An expert consensus document was generated to guide the usage of tofacitinib, a Janus kinase inhibitor, in ulcerative colitis. Tofacitinib is a useful agent for the induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis.

Emerging inflammatory bowel disease demographics, phenotype, and treatment in South Asia, South-East Asia, and Middle East: Preliminary findings from the Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Emerging Nations' Consortium.

Background And Aim: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is emerging in the newly industrialized countries of South Asia, South-East Asia, and the Middle East, yet epidemiological data are scarce.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of IBD demographics, disease phenotype, and treatment across 38 centers in 15 countries of South Asia, South-East Asia, and Middle East. Intergroup comparisons included gross national income (GNI) per capita.

Modulating the Intestinal Microbiota: Therapeutic Opportunities in Liver Disease.

Gut microbiota has been demonstrated to have a significant impact on the initiation, progression and development of complications associated with multiple liver diseases. Notably, nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases, including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and cirrhosis, severe alcoholic hepatitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis and hepatic encephalopathy, have strong links to dysbiosis - or a pathobiological change in the microbiota. In this review, we provide clear and concise discussions on the human gut microbiota, methods of identifying gut microbiota and its functionality, liver diseases that are affected by the gut microbiota, including novel associations under research, and provide current evidence on the modulation of gut microbiota and its effects on specific liver disease conditions.

International Consensus on Guiding Recommendations for Management of Patients with Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs Induced Gastropathy-ICON-G.

Introduction: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), one of the most commonly used medications worldwide, are frequently associated with gastrointestinal adverse events. Primary care physicians often face the challenge of achieving adequate pain relief with NSAIDs, while keeping their adverse events to a minimum. This is especially true when long-term use of NSAIDs is required such as in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.

Multi-center prospective survey of inflammatory bowel diseases in Kerala: More than 2000 cases.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is considered uncommon in Asia. The aim of this study was to document the demographic characteristics and clinical aspects of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) in Kerala, India.

Methods: A survey of IBD in Kerala was performed.

Wandering Gastrostomy.

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a relatively safe and effective method of providing nutrition to patients with neurologic deficits or proximal gastrointestinal pathology. Complications that follow this common procedure include dislodgement, dysfunction, infection, gastric/colonic perforation, bleeding, peritonitis, or death. The emergency physician should be aware of the complications and symptoms/signs associated for appropriate management of these patients.

Indian Society of Gastroenterology consensus on ulcerative colitis.

In 2010, the Indian Society of Gastroenterology's Task Force on Inflammatory Bowel Diseases undertook an exercise to produce consensus statements on ulcerative colitis. This consensus, produced through a modified Delphi process, reflects our current understanding of the definition, diagnostic work up, treatment and complications of ulcerative colitis. The consensus statements are intended to serve as a reference point for teaching, clinical practice, and research in India.

Ileal ganglioneuromatosis with adenocarcinoma in a patient with multiple neurofibromatosis.

Von Recklinghausen's disease or type 1 neurofibromatosis is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by mucocutaneous neurofibromas, café-au-lait spots and involves many organs including gastrointestinal tract. Gastrointestinal involvement in neurofibromatosis is uncommon and is seen 25% patients and nearly 5% of them are only symptomatic (Shekitka and Sobin, Am J Surg Pathol 18:250-257, 1994; Tomita et al., Int J Colorectal Dis 21: 89-91, 2006).

Prevalence and patterns of diverticulosis in patients undergoing colonoscopy in a southern Indian hospital.

The prevalence of diverticular disease of colon of colon is reportedly low in Asian compared to Western countries. We analyzed the prevalence of colonic diverticulosis in a selected cohort of patients undergoing colonoscopy. Retrospective study of records of patients undergoing colonoscopy in a tertiary hospital in southern India.

Synthesis, spectral characterization and biological activities of Mn(II) and Co(II) complexes with benzyloxybenzaldehyde-4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazone.

Mn(II) and Co(II) complexes of benzyloxybenzaldehyde-4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazone have been synthesized and characterized by the investigations of electronic and EPR spectra and X-ray diffraction. Based on the spectral studies, an octahedral geometry is assigned for the Mn(II) and Co(II) complexes. X-ray powder diffraction studies reveal that Mn(II) and Co(II) complexes have triclinic crystal lattices.

Multidisciplinary approach in the long-term management of intrahepatic stones: Indian experience.

Background: Intrahepatic stones, though common in East Asia, are uncommon in India. There is paucity of data from India regarding the treatment and long-term outcome of patients with intrahepatic stones.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed medical records of 35 patients with intrahepatic stones who had been treated surgically.

Benign esophageal strictures in children and adolescents: etiology, clinical profile, and results of endoscopic dilation.

Background: The problem of dysphagia in children and adolescents differs from that in adults, and therefore requires special consideration.

Methods: Forty-one consecutive children and adolescents 16 years of age or younger (mean, 7.2 years), with benign esophageal strictures were evaluated in a prospective manner over a 7-year period.

Hepatitis E virus: epidemiological, clinical and serological studies of north Indian epidemic.

Background: A large waterborne epidemic of viral hepatitis occurred in the city of Karnal (Haryana) from February to April 1987. An attempt was made to study the epidemic clinically, serologically and etiologically.

Methods: A house-to-house search of the city was conducted for the detection of acute hepatitis cases.

Long term results of endoscopic dilatation for corrosive oesophageal strictures.

Although dilatation is the treatment of choice for most patients with benign oesophageal strictures, there is little information on its efficacy and safety in corrosive oesophageal strictures. Of 123 adults with benign oesophageal strictures treated by endoscopic dilatation, 52 (42.3%) had strictures after corrosive ingestion and 39 (31.

Epidemiological study of parasitic infestations in lower socio-economic group in Chandigarh (north India).

When stool samples from 970 subjects belonging to lower socio-economic groups were examined for parasites, a total of 121 subjects (12.5%) i.e.

Sclerotherapy in extrahepatic portal venous obstruction.

One hundred and twenty two patients who presented with variceal bleeding as a result of extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPO) were entered into the sclerotherapy programme with a mean follow up of 23.69 months (range four to 60 months). Eighteen (14.

Percutaneous liver biopsy: a safe outpatient procedure.

Percutaneous liver biopsy with Menghini or Trucut needle as an outpatient procedure was performed on 159 patients over a 3.5-year period. No major complications were observed.

Effect of smoking on gastric acid secretion in patients with duodenal ulcer.

The effect of smoking on gastric secretion was studied in 15 consecutive patients with duodenal ulcer--six normosecretors (basal acid output less than or equal to 3 mEq/h), and nine hypersecretors (basal acid output greater than 3 mEq/h). The volume, acid output, acid concentration, and pH of the gastric juice measured before, during and after 1 h of smoking did not show any significant difference in these patients taken as a single group, or when the normosecretors and hypersecretors were analysed as separate groups (P greater than 0.05 for each parameter in each group).

Endoscopic sclerotherapy in children.

Thirty-eight children, aged 1-15 years, with portal hypertension and recent variceal bleeding, were treated with repeated endoscopic sclerotherapy. Thirty-six of them had extrahepatic portal venous obstruction. Obliteration of varices was achieved in 35 (92%) patients requiring an average of 5.