Elucidating siRNA Cellular Delivery Mechanism Mediated by Quaternized Starch Nanoparticles.

Starch-based nanoparticles are highly utilized in the realm of drug delivery taking advantage of their biocompatibility and biodegradability. Studies have utilized Quaternized starch (Q-starch) for small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery, in which quaternary amines enable interaction with negatively charged siRNA, resulting in self-assembly complexation. Although reports present numerous applications, the demonstrated efficacy is nonetheless limited due to undiscovered cellular mechanistic delivery.

Synthesis of tetracyclic 4H-benzo[5,6]chromeno[3,4-d]oxazoles via palladium-catalyzed intramolecular direct heteroarylation.

We report a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular direct heteroarylation of oxazole tethered β-naphthols to access corresponding tetracyclic 4H-benzo[5,6]chromeno[3,4-d]oxazoles. Various functional groups are well tolerated and furnished the desired products in good to excellent yields under the present reaction conditions. The scale-up reaction and synthetic utility of the resulting molecules have been demonstrated.

Ultrasound targeting of Q-starch/miR-197 complexes for topical treatment of psoriasis.

Psoriasis is a common, worldwide autoinflammatory, incurable skin disease. miR-197 has therapeutic potential for psoriasis since it can down-regulate the expression of both IL-22RA1 and IL-17RA, subunits of the receptors of IL-22 and IL-17, respectively, which are key cytokines in the disease. Although miR-197 has the potential to treat the disease, several inherent physical barrier properties of the skin challenge miRNA's delivery to the target skin cells.

Using gene expression database to uncover biology functions of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole analogues synthesized via a copper (I)-catalyzed reaction.

We have synthesized bioactive 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole analogues containing 2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3-(4H)-one derivatives via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition in the presence of CuI. All the reactions proceeded smoothly and afforded its desired products in excellent yields. Among these analogues, 3y exhibited a better cytotoxic effect on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) Hep 3B cells and displayed less cytotoxicity on normal human umbilical vein endothelial cells, compared with Sorafenib, a targeted therapy for advanced HCC.

The Potential of Indole/Indolylquinoline Compounds in Tau Misfolding Reduction by Enhancement of HSPB1.

Background: Neurofibrillary tangles formed from tau misfolding have long been considered one of the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The misfolding of tau in AD correlates with the clinical progression of AD and inhibition or reversal of tau misfolding may protect the affected neurons.

Methods: We generated 293 and SH-SY5Y cells expressing DsRed-tagged pro-aggregation mutant of repeat domain of tau (ΔK280 tau ) to test indole/indolylquinoline derivatives for reducing tau misfolding and neuroprotection.

Synthesis, characterization, and self-assembly with plasmid DNA of a quaternary ammonium derivative of pectic galactan and its fluorescent labeling for bioimaging applications.

Quaternized derivatives of pectic galactan (QPG) were synthesized by a reaction of pectic galactan (PG) with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CHPTAC) in the presence of aqueous sodium hydroxide solution under mild reaction conditions. The results showed that the concentration of CHPTAC and NaOH has great impact on the quaternization reaction. QPG was found to interact electrostatically with plasmid DNA in aqueous solution to form complexes in globular condensed morphology in a nanometer scale size ranging from 60 to 160nm.

The potential of synthetic indolylquinoline derivatives for Aβ aggregation reduction by chemical chaperone activity.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia associated with progressive cognitive decline and memory loss. Extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) is a major constituent of senile plaques, one of the pathological hallmarks of AD. Aβ deposition causes neuronal death via a number of possible mechanisms such as increasing oxidative stress.

Quaternized starch-based carrier for siRNA delivery: from cellular uptake to gene silencing.

RNAi therapeutics is a powerful tool for treating diseases by sequence-specific targeting of genes using siRNA. Since its discovery, the need for a safe and efficient delivery system for siRNA has increased. Here, we have developed and characterized a delivery platform for siRNA based on the natural polysaccharide starch in an attempt to address unresolved delivery challenges of RNAi.

Synthesis of aryl thioethers through the N-chlorosuccinimide-promoted cross-coupling reaction of thiols with Grignard reagents.

A convenient one-pot approach for the synthesis of aryl sulfides through the coupling of thiols with Grignard reagents in the presence of N-chlorosuccinimide is described. The sulfenylchlorides were formed when thiols were treated with N-chlorosuccinimide, and the resulting sulfenylchlorides were then directly reacted with Grignard reagents to provide aryl sulfides in good to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. Functional groups including ester, fluoro, and chloro are tolerated by the reaction conditions employed.

Synthesis of indolylquinolines, indolylacridines, and indolylcyclopenta[b]quinolines from the Baylis-Hillman adducts: an in situ [1,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of an indole nucleus to access indolylacridines and indolylcyclopenta[b]quinolines.

A simple and easy route to the synthesis of a variety of structurally diverse indolylquinolines, indolylacridines, and indolylcyclopenta[b]quinoline derivatives via the reductive cyclization of C-alkylated indole derivatives, derived from acyclic as well as cyclic Baylis-Hillman adducts with indoles, is described. An unusual in situ [1,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of the indole nucleus was observed during the reductive cyclicization of α-regioselective B-H adducts containing indoles to produce indolylacridines and indolylcyclopenta[b]quinoline derivatives.

A convenient one-pot preparation of 2-methyl-3-(phenylthio- methyl)quinolines from Morita-Baylis-Hillman adducts and their oxidation to the corresponding sulfones.

A convenient one-pot preparation of 2-methyl-3-(phenylthiomethyl)quinolines from Morita-Baylis-Hillman adducts via conjugate addition of thiols followed by reductive cyclization with Fe/AcOH was developed. The 2-methyl-3-(phenylthiomethyl)quinolines were transformed into 2-methyl-3-(phenylsulfonylmethyl)quinolines via m-CPBA-mediated oxidation.