Optimization and Characterization of an Ultra-Thermostable, Acidophilic, Cellulase-Free Xylanase from a New Obligate Thermophilic Geobacillus thermoleovorans AKNT10 and its Application in Saccharification of Wheat Bran.

Microbial xylanases are enzymes of great importance due to their wide industrial applications, especially in the degradation of lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars. This study aimed to describe the production optimization and partial characterization of an ultra-thermostable, acidophilic, cellulase-free xylanase from an obligate thermophilic eubacterium Geobacillus thermoleovorans strain-AKNT10 (Ac.No.

Comparison of lignocellulosic enzymes and CAZymes between ascomycetes () and basidiomycetes () species: a proteomic approach.

Wood decomposing ascomycetes and basidiomycetes group of fungi are the most valuable microbes on the earth's ecosystem that recycles the source of carbon; therefore, they are essential for the biorefinery industries. To understand the robustness of the enzymes and their metabolic pathways in the fungal system, label-free quantification of the total proteins was performed. The fungi showed a comparable quantity of protein abundance [ (285), (206), MDU-7 (102), (242)].

Valorization of onion peel waste: From trash to treasure.

Globally, fruits and vegetables are consumed as raw, processed, or as an additive, accounting for approximately 50% of total food wastage. Among the fruits and vegetables, onion is well known for its potential bioactive components; however, peels of onion are a major concern for the environmental health and food industries. Effective utilization methods for valorizing the onion peel should be needed to develop value-added products, which are more eco-friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable.

In-vitro antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity of modified solvent evaporated ethanolic extract of Calocybe indica: GCMS and HPLC characterization.

Recent interest in the utilization of mushroom-based bioactive compounds has increased due to their potential bioactivities and as alternatives in the reduction of high concentrations of chemical utilization. Therefore, we evaluated the physicochemical, functional, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activity of the Calocybe indica. The nutritional composition of the mushroom was found to be a good source of proteins (12.

Advances and future prospects of pyrethroids: Toxicity and microbial degradation.

Pyrethroids are a class of insecticides structurally similar to that of natural pyrethrins. The application of pyrethrins in agriculture and pest control lead to many kinds of environmental pollution affecting human health and loss of soil microbial population that affect soil fertility and health. Natural pyrethrins have been used since ancient times as insect repellers, and their synthetic versions especially type 2 pyrethroids could be highly toxic to humans.

Arabinofuranosidases: Characteristics, microbial production, and potential in waste valorization and industrial applications.

Alpha-L-arabinofuranoside arabinofuranohydrolase (ARA), more commonly known as alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase (E.C. number 3.

Functional Expression of a Thermostable Endoglucanase from Thermoascus aurantiacus RCKK in Pichia pastoris X-33 and Its Characterization.

Thermostable cellulases offer several advantages like higher rates of substrate hydrolysis, lowered risk of contamination, and increased flexibility with respect to process design. In the present study, a thermostable native endoglucanase nEG (EC 3.2.

Improved Production of Thermostable Cellulase from Thermoascus aurantiacus RCKK by Fermentation Bioprocessing and Its Application in the Hydrolysis of Office Waste Paper, Algal Pulp, and Biologically Treated Wheat Straw.

Thermostable cellulases have wide variety of applications and distinctive advantages, but their low titer becomes the hurdle in their commercialization. In the present work, an assessment of optimum levels of significant factors (temperature, moisture ratio, inoculum size, and ammonium sulfate) and the effect of their interactions on production of thermostable CMCase, FPase, and β-glucosidase by Thermoascus aurantiacus RCKK under solid-state fermentation (SSF) was carried out using central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM). The study revealed 33, 13, and 8 % improvement in FPase, CMCase, and β-glucosidase production, respectively.

In-Vitro Refolding and Characterization of Recombinant Laccase (CotA) From Bacillus pumilus MK001 and Its Potential for Phenolics Degradation.

Among lignocellulolytic enzymes, laccases are the most versatile, broadly specific, and largely studied enzyme with a wide range of biotechnological potential. Putative laccase (CotA) from Bacillus pumilus MK001 was cloned and expressed in E. coli.

Process development for the production of bioethanol from waste algal biomass of Gracilaria verrucosa.

The algal biomass of different species of Gracilaria were collected from coasts of Orissa and Tamil Nadu, India and characterized biochemically. Among various species, G. verrucosa was found to be better in terms of total carbohydrate content (56.

Cost-effective production of cellulose hydrolysing enzymes from Trichoderma sp. RCK65 under SSF and its evaluation in saccharification of cellulosic substrates.

Trichoderma sp. is a potential cellulase producing mesophilic fungi which grow under mild acidic condition. In this study, growth and nutritional conditions were manipulated for the maximum and cost-effective production of cellulase using lab strain Trichoderma sp.

Microbiological Analyses of Traditional Alcoholic Beverage (Chhang) and its Starter (Balma) Prepared by Bhotiya Tribe of Uttarakhand, India.

Present article depicts microbiology of starter (Balma) used in traditional solid-state fermentation of alcoholic beverage (Chhang) by Bhotiya tribe of Uttarakhand. It also highlights the importance of herbs in Balma preparation and kinetics of lactic acid and ethanol fermentation under Chhang preparation using Balma. Balma contains 214 × 10(6) cfu/g yeasts, 2.

Multiple Genes in a Single Host: Cost-Effective Production of Bacterial Laccase (cotA), Pectate Lyase (pel), and Endoxylanase (xyl) by Simultaneous Expression and Cloning in Single Vector in E. coli.

This study attempted to reduce the enzyme production cost for exploiting lignocellulosic materials by expression of multiple genes in a single host. Genes for bacterial laccase (CotA), pectate lyase (Pel) and endoxylanase (Xyl), which hold significance in lignocellulose degradation, were cloned in pETDuet-1 vector containing two independent cloning sites (MCS). CotA and xyl genes were cloned in MCS1 and MCS 2, respectively.

Reduced toxicity of malachite green decolorized by laccase produced from Ganoderma sp. rckk-02 under solid-state fermentation.

Statistical designs were applied for optimizing laccase production from a white-rot fungus, Ganoderma sp. rckk-02 under solid-state fermentation (SSF). Compared to unoptimized conditions [2,154 U/gds (Unit per gram of dry substrate)], the optimization process resulted in a 17.

Characterization of recombinant pectate lyase refolded from inclusion bodies generated in E. coli BL21(DE3).

Pectate lyase (EC 4.2.2.

Production of thermostable hydrolases (cellulases and xylanase) from Thermoascus aurantiacus RCKK: a potential fungus.

Thermophilic fungi are potential sources of thermostable enzymes and other value added products. Present study has focused on optimization of different physicochemical parameters for production of thermostable cellulases and xylanase by Thermoascus aurantiacus RCKK under SSF. Enzyme production was supported maximally on wheat bran fed with 20% inoculum, at initial pH 5, temperature 45 °C and moisture ratio 1:3.

Bioprocessing of wheat straw into nutritionally rich and digested cattle feed.

Wheat straw was fermented by Crinipellis sp. RCK-1, a lignin degrading fungus, under solid state fermentation conditions. The fungus degraded 18.

Enhanced production and extraction of phenolic compounds from wheat by solid-state fermentation with RCK2012.

Antioxidant phenolic compounds (PCs) are gaining popularity day by day for their health promoting properties. Wheat is a very good source of natural antioxidant PCs. In the present study, extraction of PCs was improved by solid-state fermentation (SSF) of wheat by RCK2012 which helped to release the bound compounds from matrix.

Xylanase and laccase based enzymatic kraft pulp bleaching reduces adsorbable organic halogen (AOX) in bleach effluents: a pilot scale study.

In present study, xylanase and laccase were produced in a cost-effective manner up to 10 kg substrate level and evaluated in elemental chlorine free bleaching of Eucalyptus kraft pulp. Compared to the pulp pre-bleached with xylanase (15%) or laccase (25%) individually, the ClO2 savings were higher with sequential treatment of xylanase followed by laccase (35%) at laboratory scale. The sequential enzyme treatment when applied at pilot scale (50 kg pulp), resulted in improved pulp properties (50% reduced post color number, 15.

Modulation of xylanase production from alkaliphilic Bacillus pumilus VLK-1 through process optimization and temperature shift operation.

This study was aimed at enhancing the production of xylanase from an alkaliphilic Bacillus pumilus VLK-1 in submerged fermentation using wheat bran, a cheap and abundantly available agro-residue, through process optimization and to monitor the effect of temperature shift operation on it. The potential of xylanase in saccharification of wheat straw was also investigated. The results showed that optimization of the fermentation process by one variable approach increased the enzyme yield from 402 to 4,986 IU/ml.

Fungal pretreatment improves amenability of lignocellulosic material for its saccharification to sugars.

The sugarcane bagasse was biologically pretreated with three white-rot fungi; Pleurotus florida, Coriolopsis caperata RCK 2011 and Ganoderma sp. rckk-02, individually under solid-state fermentation. P.

Bacillus paraflexus sp. nov., isolated from compost.

A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium capable of growing at 15-42 °C (optimum 30 °C) and at pH 5-11 (optimum pH 7) was isolated from compost. Its taxonomic position was deduced using a polyphasic approach and the strain was designated RC2(T). 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the isolate belongs to the division Firmicutes, forming a clade within the cluster containing Bacillus flexus IFO 15715(T), and showed highest similarity to B.

Nutritional evaluation of wheat straw treated with Crinipellis sp. in Sahiwal calves.

Wheat straw was subjected to solid-state fermentation (SSF) with lignolytic white-rot fungus (WRF) Crinipellis sp. for 5 days to improve the nutritive value and digestibility. The fungal treatment caused a significant (P < 0.