Molecular characterization of coat color gene in Sahiwal versus Karan Fries bovine.

Background: Melanocortin-1-receptor gene (MC1R) plays a significant role in signaling cascade of melanin production. In cattle, the coat colors, such as red and black, are an outcome of eumelanin and pheomelanin pigments, respectively. The coat colors have become critical factors in the animal selection process.

Role of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) in modulating the molecular mechanism adopted by melanocytes of Bos indicus under UVR stress.

Ultraviolet radiations (UVR) are responsible for a wide variety of acute and chronic effects on the animal skin. However, the effect of UVR-induced oxidative stress and protection through paracrine factors on animal skin has received little attention. We previously demonstrated how heat stress-induced adaptation in Bos indicus melanocytes was dependent on the level of melanin and reduction of apoptosis.

Identification and sequence characterization of melanocortin 1 receptor gene () in versus ().

Melanocortin 1 receptor () plays a vital role in melanogenesis and determines coat color of mammals. Polymorphic variants in , causing coat color variation, were described in few mammals; however, such studies were not done in cattle. The objective of the study was to explore the association of gene polymorphism within Tharparkar () and Karan Fries () cattle.

Novel extraction of high quality genomic DNA from frozen bovine blood samples by using detergent method.

DNA is the prerequisite for life's inception that transfers hereditary information, past several years; various types of commercial kits are made available which vary depending on the type of the biological sample being used. The present study is focused on developing an improvised methodology for the isolation of genomic DNA from stored bovine blood samples. DNA was isolated by using the conventional Phenol: Chloroform: Isoamyl alcohol (PCI) method and Detergent method.

Antimicrobial Potential, Identification and Phylogenetic Affiliation of Wild Mushrooms from Two Sub-Tropical Semi-Evergreen Indian Forest Ecosystems.

The diversity of wild mushrooms was investigated from two protected forest areas in India and 231 mushroom specimens were morphologically identified. Among them, 76 isolates were screened for their antimicrobial potential against seven bacterial and fungal pathogens. Out of 76 isolates, 45 isolates which displayed significant antimicrobial activities were identified using ITS rRNA gene amplification and subsequently phylogenetically characterized using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers.

Evaluation of physiological and biochemical responses in different seasons in Surti buffaloes.

Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of hot dry, hot humid and comfortable season on physiological, hematological, biochemical, and oxidative stress parameters in Surti buffaloes.

Materials And Methods: Ten lactating Surti buffaloes of similar physiological status were selected. Based on the temperature-humidity index (THI), their natural exposure to the environment was categorized as hot dry (THI1), hot humid (THI2) and moderate winter/comfort season (THI3).

Validation of putative reference genes for gene expression studies in heat stressed and α-MSH treated melanocyte cells of Bos indicus using real-time quantitative PCR.

Normalization of cellular mRNA data using internal reference gene (IRG) is an essential step in expression analysis studies. MIQE guidelines ensure that the choice and appropriateness of IRG should be validated for particular tissues or cell types and specific experimental designs. The objective of the present study was to assess 15 IRGs from different functional classes that could serve as best IRGs for Bos indicus (Tharparkar cattle) melanocyte cells under heat stress and hormonal treatment.

Splice variants and seasonal expression of buffalo HSF genes.

In eukaryotes, the heat shock factors (HSFs) are recognized as the master regulator of the heat shock response. In this respect, the genes encoding the heat shock factors seem to be important for adaptation to thermal stress in organisms. Despite this, only few mammalian HSFs has been characterized.

Expression of skin color genes in lymphocytes of Karan Fries cattle and seasonal relationship with tyrosinase and cortisol.

To evaluate difference in the expression of skin color genes (melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) and premelanosome (PMEL)) in lymphocytes during winter and summer season and their correlation with tyrosinase enzyme and cortisol, ten Karan-Fries heifers were selected from National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI) cattle farm. Blood samples were collected from the animals during winter (THI = 60) and summer (THI = 83) season at weekly intervals. Relative MC1R and PMEL messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of Karan Fries cattle was found to be significantly (P < 0.

New records of species from the northwestern Himalayas of India.

This study investigated several collections of the genus (Cantharellaceae) from the northwestern Himalayas, India, on the basis of morphology and molecular data. Phylogenetic relationships and species limits were investigated by using nuclear ribosomal large subunit sequences (LSU). We recognized 13 species: Petersen, Fries, (Berk) Singer, Heinem, Peck, and seven species, sp.

Seasonal variation in expression pattern of genes under HSP70 : Seasonal variation in expression pattern of genes under HSP70 family in heat- and cold-adapted goats (Capra hircus).

Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is one of the most abundant and best characterized heat shock protein family that consists of highly conserved stress proteins, expressed in response to stress, and plays crucial roles in environmental stress tolerance and adaptation. The present study was conducted to identify major types of genes under the HSP70 family and to quantify their expression pattern in heat- and cold-adapted Indian goats (Capra hircus) with respect to different seasons. Five HSP70 gene homologues to HSPA8, HSPA6, HSPA1A, HSPA1L, and HSPA2 were identified by gene-specific primers.

Changes in methane emission, rumen fermentation in response to diet and microbial interactions.

To evaluate relative contributions of different microbial groups in rumen, the mono-culture (i.e. bacteria, protozoa and fungi) and co-cultures (i.