Cracking the code: uncovering the factors that drive COVID-19 standard operating procedures compliance among school management in Malaysia.

Malaysia's government's decision to reopen schools during the COVID-19 outbreak, especially for students taking important exams, has alarmed the public. However, the Ministry of Education has implemented a COVID-19 Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for educational institutions. The school management's ability to protect children from COVID-19 rests on their understanding, attitudes, and practices regarding COVID-19 SOP compliance.

Prevalence and Epidemiological Profile of Ameloblastoma in India: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses.

Introduction: Ameloblastoma is regarded as the second most prevalent odontogenic tumor in the light of its prevalence, clinical characteristics, greater incidence of tumor recurrence, and therapeutic challenges. The aim of this systematic review was to establish the prevalence of ameloblastoma in the Indian subcontinent and to establish a national epidemiologic profile for these lesions.

Material And Methods: A systematic review was undertaken based on the PRISMA guidelines in search of epidemiologic studies concerning odontogenic tumors and ameloblastoma that are listed by PubMed, EBSCO, and Google Scholar embracing the period from January 2010 to December 2021, to evaluate the prevalence rate in India.

School-Age Coping: Themes Across Three Generations of Sexual Minorities.

Because sexual minorities are an at-risk population, researchers conducted retrospective life story interviews with 191 sexual minority people comprising participants from a marriage equality cohort, an HIV/AIDS epidemic cohort, and a Stonewall rebellion cohort. The participants were located within 80 miles of four major metropolitan areas in the United States. Of the 191 participants interviewed, 90 participants talked about their school-age experiences and how they coped during elementary, middle, and high school.

Possible role of miR-2909 RNomics in arsenic mediated pancreatic β-cell dysfunction.

Chronic exposure of humans to inorganic arsenic as a potential risk for the incidence of diabetes has received wide attention. However, the biological mechanism through which arsenic plays a role in the development of diabetes is still being evaluated. One of the hallmark of diabetes is the β-cell dysfunction followed by the changes in the insulin secretion.

Regulation of the cardioprotective adiponectin and its receptor AdipoR1 by salt.

Both circulating adiponectin (APN) and cardiac APN exert cardioprotective effects and improve insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial function. Low circulating APN serves as a biomarker for cardiovascular risk. Ablation of adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) causes myocardial mitochondrial dysfunction.

AHNAK KO mice are protected from diet-induced obesity but are glucose intolerant.

AHNAK is a 700 KD phosphoprotein primarily involved in calcium signaling in various cell types and regulating cytoskeletal organization and cell membrane architecture. AHNAK expression has also been associated with obesity. To investigate the role of AHNAK in regulating metabolic homeostasis, we studied whole body AHNAK knockout mice (KO) on either regular chow or high-fat diet (HFD).

CYP2E1 impairs GLUT4 gene expression and function: NRF2 as a possible mediator.

Impaired GLUT4 function/expression in insulin target tissues is well-documented in diabetes and obesity. Cytochrome P450 isoform 2E1 (CYP2E1) induces oxidative stress, leading to impaired insulin action. CYP2E1 knockout mice are protected against high fat diet-induced insulin resistance and obesity; however the molecular mechanisms are still unclear.

Suppression of native defense mechanisms, SIRT1 and PPARγ, by dietary glycoxidants precedes disease in adult humans; relevance to lifestyle-engendered chronic diseases.

SIRT1 and PPARγ, host defenses regulating inflammation and metabolic functions, are suppressed under chronic high oxidant stress and inflammation (OS/Infl) conditions. In diabetes, dietary advanced glycation end products (dAGEs) cause OS/Infl and suppress SIRT1. Herein, we ask whether dAGEs also suppress host defense in adults without diabetes.

RAS-Mediated Adaptive Mechanisms in Cardiovascular Tissues: Confounding Factors of RAS Blockade Therapy and Alternative Approaches.

Since the classic experiments by Tigerstedt and Bergman that established the role of renin in hypertension a century ago, aggressive efforts have been launched to effectively block the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Blockade of RAS is advocated at multiple levels by direct renin inhibitor, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and/or angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker, or aldosterone inhibitor (spironolactone), and has now become part of the standard of care to control hypertension and related metabolic diseases including diabetes. However, recent lessons learned from randomized clinical trials question the wisdom of blocking RAS at multiple levels.

Oral advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) promote insulin resistance and diabetes by depleting the antioxidant defenses AGE receptor-1 and sirtuin 1.

The epidemics of insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) affect the first world as well as less-developed countries, and now affect children as well. Persistently elevated oxidative stress and inflammation (OS/Infl) precede these polygenic conditions. A hallmark of contemporary lifestyle is a preference for thermally processed nutrients, replete with pro-OS/Infl advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), which enhance appetite and cause overnutrition.

Restriction of advanced glycation end products improves insulin resistance in human type 2 diabetes: potential role of AGER1 and SIRT1.

Objective: Increased oxidative stress (OS) and impaired anti-OS defenses are important in the development and persistence of insulin resistance (IR). Several anti-inflammatory and cell-protective mechanisms, including advanced glycation end product (AGE) receptor-1 (AGER1) and sirtuin (silent mating-type information regulation 2 homolog) 1 (SIRT1) are suppressed in diabetes. Because basal OS in type 2 diabetic patients is influenced by the consumption of AGEs, we examined whether AGE consumption also affects IR and whether AGER1 and SIRT1 are involved.

Diagnostic and prognostic utility of rapid strip (OptiMal and Paracheck) versus conventional smear microscopy in adult patients of acute, uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in Mumbai, India.

Objectives: The present study compared the diagnostic and prognostic utility of two rapid tests the (Paracheck and OptiMal) versus conventional smear microscopy.

Methods: Using two independent microscopists we carried out the three tests in 31 adult cases of smear positive, acute, uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. All three tests were done pretreatment, and on Days 8, 15 and 29.

Alginate encapsulated bioadhesive chitosan microspheres for intestinal drug delivery.

Sustained intestinal delivery of drugs such as 5-fluorouracil (choice for colon carcinomas) and insulin (for diabetes mellitus) seems to be a feasible alternative to injection therapy. For successful therapy, the drug should be delivered at proper sites (here, the intestine) for long duration, for producing maximum pharmacological activity. We have attempted to develop a formulation that can bypass the acidity of the stomach and release the loaded drug for long periods into the intestine by using the bioadhesiveness of polyacrylic acid, alginate, and chitosan.