Effects of the short-acting insulin analog [Lys(B28),Pro(B29)] on postprandial blood glucose control in IDDM.

Objective: To establish the effects of the short-acting insulin analog Lispro versus human regular insulin (Hum-R) on postprandial metabolic control in IDDM.

Research Design And Methods: Four studies were performed in 10 C-peptide-negative IDDM patients. Lispro or Hum-R (0.

Long-term intensive insulin therapy in IDDM: effects on HbA1c, risk for severe and mild hypoglycaemia, status of counterregulation and awareness of hypoglycaemia.

Unlabelled: The present studies were designed to assess the percentage of HbA1c, frequency, and awareness of hypoglycaemia (H) during long-term intensive therapy (IT) of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). From 1981 to 1994, 112 IDDM patients were on IT. HbA1c was 7.

Long-term recovery from unawareness, deficient counterregulation and lack of cognitive dysfunction during hypoglycaemia, following institution of rational, intensive insulin therapy in IDDM.

Hypoglycaemia unawareness, is a major risk factor for severe hypoglycaemia and a contraindication to the therapeutic goal of near-normoglycaemia in IDDM. We tested two hypotheses, first, that hypoglycaemia unawareness is reversible as long as hypoglycaemia is meticulously prevented by careful intensive insulin therapy in patients with short and long IDDM duration, and that such a result can be maintained long-term. Second, that intensive insulin therapy which strictly prevents hypoglycaemia, can maintain long-term near-normoglycaemia.

Relative roles of insulin and hypoglycaemia on induction of neuroendocrine responses to, symptoms of, and deterioration of cognitive function in hypoglycaemia in male and female humans.

To assess the relative roles of insulin and hypoglycaemia on induction of neuroendocrine responses, symptoms and deterioration of cognitive function (12 cognitive tests) during progressive decreases in plasma glucose, and to quantitate glycaemic thresholds, 22 normal, non-diabetic subjects (11 males, 11 females) were studied on four occasions: prolonged fast (n = 8, saline euglycaemia study, SA-EU), stepped hypoglycaemia (plasma glucose plateaus of 4.3, 3.7, 3 and 2.

Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and glucose counterregulation following subcutaneous injection of the monomeric insulin analogue [Lys(B28),Pro(B29)] in IDDM.

The aim of these studies was to compare the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, counterregulatory hormone and symptom responses, as well as cognitive function during hypoglycaemia induced by s.c. injection of 0.

Meticulous prevention of hypoglycemia normalizes the glycemic thresholds and magnitude of most of neuroendocrine responses to, symptoms of, and cognitive function during hypoglycemia in intensively treated patients with short-term IDDM.

To test the hypothesis that hypoglycemia unawareness is largely secondary to recurrent therapeutic hypoglycemia in IDDM, we assessed neuroendocrine and symptom responses and cognitive function in 8 patients with short-term IDDM (7 yr) and hypoglycemia unawareness. Patients were assessed during a stepped hypoglycemic clamp, before and after 2 wk and 3 mo of meticulous prevention of hypoglycemia, which resulted in a decreased frequency of hypoglycemia (0.49 +/- 0.

Improved insulin action and glycemic control after long-term angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in subjects with arterial hypertension and type II diabetes.

Objective: To determine the long-term effects of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril on insulin sensitivity in subjects with type II diabetes and arterial hypertension. The chronic effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on insulin-sensitive individuals are presently controversial.

Research Design And Methods: Sixteen subjects, with type II diabetes (on diet and/or diet plus oral hypoglycemic agents) and arterial hypertension, were studied.

Reversibility of unawareness of hypoglycemia in patients with insulinomas.

Background: A lack of appropriate autonomic warning symptoms before the development of neuroglycopenia occurs frequently in patients with diabetes mellitus. The pathogenesis of this phenomenon is unclear, but it is associated with intensive insulin therapy, prolonged duration of diabetes, frequent episodes of hypoglycemia, and impaired glucose counterregulation. Recently, it has been proposed that repeated episodes of hypoglycemia may themselves induce the phenomenon.

Mechanisms of arterial hypotension after therapeutic dose of subcutaneous insulin in diabetic autonomic neuropathy.

To assess whether a therapeutic, subcutaneous injection of insulin exerts hemodynamic effects in subjects with IDDM, 0.2 U/kg regular insulin was injected subcutaneously in 17 IDDM subjects: 6 without autonomic neuropathy, 7 with autonomic neuropathy and othostatic hypotension, and 4 with autonomic neuropathy but without orthostatic hypotension. Plasma glucose was maintained at approximately 8.

ACE-inhibition increases hepatic and extrahepatic sensitivity to insulin in patients with type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension.

To assess the effects of ACE-inhibition on insulin action in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus associated with essential hypertension, 12 patients with Type 2 diabetes (on diet and oral hypoglycaemic agents) and arterial hypertension were examined on two occasions, in a single blind, cross-over study after two days of treatment with either captopril or a placebo. The study consisted of a euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp (two sequential steps of insulin infusion at the rates of 0.25 mU.

Immunoregulatory T cells in measles. The relationship between reduced lymphocyte proliferative response to PHA and increased proportion of circulating suppressor-cytotoxic T cells.

Viral infections are often associated with immunodeficiency states. Although T lymphocytes have been thought to suppress the host's immune response, the precise cellular basis for this phenomenon remains unclear. Therefore, we characterized peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 9 measles virus-infected children by means of monoclonal antibodies directed against surface antigens expressed on human T lymphocytes and T-cell subsets.