Head to head comparison of diagnostic performance of three non-mydriatic cameras for diabetic retinopathy screening with artificial intelligence.

Background: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness worldwide, affecting people with diabetes. The timely diagnosis and treatment of DR are essential in preventing vision loss. Non-mydriatic fundus cameras and artificial intelligence (AI) software have been shown to improve DR screening efficiency.

An extremely rare case of hypoglycemia with a novel mutation and review of the literature: fructose-1,6 bisphosphatase deficiency in an adult man.

Hypoglycemia is an uncommon clinical problem among non-diabetic patients. It requires systematic evaluation to determine the etiology. It may be related to critical illness, hepatic insufficiency, renal insufficiency, cardiac insufficiency, drugs, alcohol, cortisol insufficiency, growth hormone insufficiency, insulinoma, gastric bypass surgery, and paraneoplastic (insulin-like growth factor-2-related) immune-mediated or inherited metabolic disorders.

Diagnostic value of thyroglobulin washout in fine-needle aspiration samples for diagnosis and follow-up of differentiated thyroid cancer.

Our goal was to assess the effectiveness of fine-needle aspiration thyroglobulin (FNA-Tg) in detecting malignant lymph nodes (LNs) in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). We also aimed to determine the factors that affect the accuracy of FNA-Tg. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the laboratory, ultrasonographic, histopathological, FNA cytology (FNA-C), and FNA-Tg results of 176 DTC patients.

The effect of positron emission tomography/computed tomography in axillary surgery approach after neoadjuvant treatment in breast cancer.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the role of positron emission tomography/computed tomography in the decision to perform axillary surgery by comparing positron emission tomography/computed tomography findings with pathology consistency after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Methods: Patients who were diagnosed for T1-4, cN1/2 breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy in our clinic between January 2016 and February 2021 were evaluated. Clinical and radiological responses, axillary surgery, and histopathological results after neoadjuvant chemotherapy were evaluated.

Comparative evaluation of clinical outcomes of dapagliflozin and empagliflozin in type-2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Sodium-glucose transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors provide additional benefits besides glycemic control.

Aim: This study aims to compare the clinical outcomes of dapagliflozin and empagliflozin.

Methods: This retrospective study evaluated data retrieved from medical records of patients who were under follow-up with the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and were started on dapagliflozin or empagliflozin treatment between January 1, 2017, and June 1, 2020.

An agenda for future Social Sciences and Humanities research on energy efficiency: 100 priority research questions.

Decades of techno-economic energy policymaking and research have meant evidence from the Social Sciences and Humanities (SSH)-including critical reflections on what changing a society's relation to energy (efficiency) even means-have been underutilised. In particular, (i) the SSH have too often been sidelined and/or narrowly pigeonholed by policymakers, funders, and other decision-makers when driving research agendas, and (ii) the setting of SSH-focused research agendas has not historically embedded inclusive and deliberative processes. The aim of this paper is to address these gaps through the production of a research agenda outlining future SSH research priorities for energy efficiency.

Intraoperative recording of laryngeal adductor reflex and cortical motor evoked potentials during jugular foramen schwannoma surgery: a case report and literature review.

Purpose: Schwannoma, a tumor originating from the peripheral nervous system, may arise from the vagus nerve, although it is not very often. Injury of the vagus nerve by surgical attempts may have consequences that will seriously affect the patient's quality of life. In recent years, continuous monitoring of the laryngeal adductor reflex (LAR) has become a promising methodology for evaluating vagus nerve function intraoperatively.

MGMT in glial carcinogenesis. Roles from prevention to treatment.

Many investigations exist regarding the effect of the DNA repair enzyme MGMT (O 6 -methylguanine- DNA-methyltransferase)-encoding gene methylation on the antineoplasticity of temozolomide in glioblastoma patients. However, there exist surprisingly lesser studies regarding the associations between MGMT enzyme biochemistry with glial carcinogenesis. MGMT involves in risk of malignancies associated with ionizing radiation, smoking, exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated solvents, vinylchloride and hairdyes.

Timing of cholecystectomy in recurrent attacks of acute cholecystitis.

Background: Although laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the standard treatment for acute cholecystitis, its optimal timing is still controversial. In this study, our aim is to determine the appropriate cholecystectomy time by comparing the results of emergency and elective cholecystectomy in patients presenting with recurrent acute cholecystitis.

Methods: Between January 2019 and January 2022, the data of 434 patients who were scheduled for late cholecystectomy and were admitted to our hospital with recurrent cholecystitis attacks during the waiting period were retrospectively evaluated.

Laparoscopic and single incision laparoscopic repair of Morgagni hernia in adults.

Background: In this study, we aimed to compare multiple versus single incision laparoscopic repair of Morgagni hernia in adults and to investigate effectiveness and feasibility of both techniques.

Methods: Between January 2011 and March 2018, a total of 15 patients (5 males, 10 females; median age: 58.6 years; range, 36 to 70 years) who underwent laparoscopic or single-incision laparoscopic repair of Morgagni hernia were retrospectively analyzed.

Treatment Strategies for Dopamine Agonist-Resistant and Aggressive Prolactinomas: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Literature.

Despite most of the prolactinomas can be treated with endocrine therapy and/or surgery, a significant percentage of these tumors can be resistant to endocrine treatments and/or recur with prominent invasion into the surrounding anatomical structures. Hence, clinical, pathological, and molecular definitions of aggressive prolactinomas are important to guide for classical and novel treatment modalities. In this review, we aimed to define molecular endocrinological features of dopamine agonist-resistant and aggressive prolactinomas for designing future multimodality treatments.

A pediatric cerebral tumor with MN1 alteration and pathological features mimicking carcinoma metastasis: may the terminology "high grade neuroepithelial tumor with MN1 alteration" still be relevant?

Introduction: Astroblastoma, MN1-altered (old name: high-grade neuroepithelial tumor/HGNET with MN1 alteration) is a recently described central nervous system tumor mostly affecting pediatric patients and profoundly young girls. Differential pathological diagnoses of these tumors include ependymoma, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes, meningioma, and even glioblastoma. As the treatment approaches to these tumors differ, it is essential to increase the awareness about these tumors in the neurosurgical community.

The effect of obesity in laparoscopic transperitoneal adrenalectomy.

Objectives: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is the gold standard for the resection of adrenal tumors. However, there are some technical difficulties, which may be due to the fact that adrenalectomy is rarely encountered in general surgery practice and has a high learning curve. In addition to these, obesity is another problem in laparoscopic adrenalectomies.

Polymorphous low-grade neuroepithelial tumor of the young: A detailed pathomolecular analysis and discussion of a case.

Aim: Polymorphous low-grade neuroepithelial tumor of the young (PLNTY) is a rare entity with a diffuse, infiltrative pattern, awaiting to be included in the WHO CNS tumor classification; it occurs in pediatric and young patients with seizures and harbors mutually exclusive BRAFV600E or FGFR mutations. Nonetheless, the presence of these mutations may not be obligatory for diagnosis. The conventional histology of these tumors resembles that of oligodendrogliomas.

Surgical results of Hartmann procedure in emergency cases with left-sided colorectal cancer.

Objective: We aimed to define indication of Hartmann procedure (HP) under emergency conditions, analyze, and present in which cases this procedure should be used.

Methods: The patients who underwent emergency surgery for colorectal cancer were analyzed. Rates of mortality, overall, and disease-free survival of the patients were evaluated.

Cytopathology-histopathology correlation and the effect of nodule diameter on diagnostic performance in patients undergoing thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsy.

Introduction: Although thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is established to have a good overall sensitivity and specificity, various outcomes have been reported on its performance in large nodules. The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of FNAB and the effect of the nodule diameter on its diagnostic performance.

Materials And Methods: The outcomes of a total of 7319 patients who underwent FNAB over the course of 5 years were analyzed retrospectively and 648 patients who had undergone post-FNAB thyroidectomy or lobectomy were included in the study.

Neurosurgical and neuro-immunological management of IgG4-related hypertrophic sclerosing pachymeningitis. A literature survey and discussion of a unique index case.

Background: Dural thickening is observed in lymphoma, dural carcinomatosis, meningioma, tuberculosis, and autoimmune diseases. We encountered a patient with dural thickening and complaints of neck and back pain, numbness and loss of strength in the hands. The patient also suffered from polychondritis and had previously received steroid and methotrexate treatment for this indication.

The role of insulin-like growth factor in Acrochordon Etiopathology.

Background: There are reports that acrochordon (skin tag), the most common fibroepithelial tumor of the skin, may be associated with metabolic syndrome components, particularly insulin metabolism disorders. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no study examining its association with insulin resistance and tissue levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) and insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF-2R).

Methods: Thirty patients with at least one acrochordon in their body who had no known history of diabetes mellitus and a control group comprised 30 individuals who had no acrochordon or no known history of diabetes mellitus were included.

Is hemithyroidectomy sufficient in unilateral benign nodular goitre?

Background: Multinodular goiter is a common disease. If only one thyroid lobe is affected, hemithyroidectomy may be preferred to reduce complication and hormone replacement therapy. However, completion thyroidectomy may be required later.

Intra-abdominal Actinomycosis Imitating Sigmoid Colon Cancer: A Case Report.

Actinomycosis is a rare bacterial disease characterized by chronic or subacute suppurative inflammation. Abdominal actinomycosis is rarer and accounts for approximately 20% of all actinomycosis cases. In the literature, patients who underwent surgery for actinomycosis mimicking malignant tumors have been reported.

Decompressive craniectomy in traumatic brain injury: Transcranial Doppler sonography used as a guide.

Background: Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is performed in the management of intracranial hyper-tension after traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study aims to investigate the effects of transcranial Dop-pler ultrasonography (TCD) measurements on the indication of decompressive surgery.

Methods: Sixteen TBI patients with a Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) <9 were included in this study.