Late-life Onset Mania After Varenicline Use: A Case Report.

Late-life onset manic attacks generally occur secondary to general medical conditions or drug use. Varenicline is an α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist, used for the cessation of smoking. In this case report, we present a 67-year-old male patient with a new-onset manic episode following varenicline treatment.

Acamprosate modulates alcohol-induced hippocampal NMDA receptors and brain microsomal Ca2+-ATPase but induces oxidative stress in rat.

We investigated the effects of acamprosate on alcohol-induced oxidative toxicity, microsomal membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase (MMCA) activity and N-methyl-D: -aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunits in rat brain. Forty male rats were equally divided into four groups. The first group was used as control, and the second group received ethanol.

Fish oil and antipsychotic drug risperidone modulate oxidative stress in PC12 cell membranes through regulation of cytosolic calcium ion release and antioxidant system.

Oxidative stress is a critical route of damage in various psychological disorders such as schizophrenia, although fish oil and risperidone (RISP) induce antioxidant effects in the human body. However, the mechanisms behind these effects remain elusive. We investigated the effects of fish oil and RISP in the PC12 cell line by evaluating Ca(2+) mobilization, lipid peroxidation (LP) and antioxidant levels.

[Relationship between blood glucose control and psychiatric disorders in type II diabetic patients].

Objective: To explore specific psychiatric comorbidity among type II DM patients with poor and good glycemic control.

Method: One hundred four patients with type II DM attending outpatient department of the Endocrinology Unit of Süleyman Demirel University Medical Faculty were included in this study. Patients were divided into two groups according to HbA1c level: >7% defined group 1 with poor glycemic control (n=40), and <7% defined group 2 with good glycemic control (n=64).

Psychological symptoms are greater in caregivers of patients on hemodialysis than those of peritoneal dialysis.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare psychosocial characteristics in caregiving relatives (caregivers) of hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients.

Methods: Thirty-three caregivers (17 women, 16 men) of HD patients, 27 caregivers (11 women, 16 men) of PD patients, and a control group of 49 subjects who do not care for family members with chronic illness (23 women, 26 men) are included in this study. The brief symptom inventory (BSI), social disability schedule (SDS), and brief disability questionnaire (BDQ) were used for the psychosocial evaluation.

Effect of cigarette smoke on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes and NMDA receptor subunits 2A and 2B concentration in rat hippocampus.

The effect of cigarette smoke on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and on the concentration of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunits 2A and 2B in the hippocampus of Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to cigarette smoke for 2h/day for a period of 4 weeks was determined. It was observed that NMDAR 2A and 2B concentrations in the hippocampus were enhanced in the case of animals exposed to cigarette smoke, whereas lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities did not show any change as compared to control animals. The results of our study suggest that cigarette smoke induces NMDAR 2A and 2B expression in the hippocampus, and that this is not due to an increased lipid peroxidation, because cigarette smoke has no effect on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities in the hippocampus.

Clinical importance of erythrocyte malondialdehyde levels as a marker for cognitive deterioration in patients with dementia of Alzheimer type: a repeated study in 5-year interval.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of aging and dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities.

Design And Methods: Twenty-six patients with DAT were included in the present study. Group I: 26 patients diagnosed as DAT and studied 5 yr ago.

Malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, melatonin, iron, copper, and zinc blood concentrations in patients with Alzheimer disease: cross-sectional study.

Aim: To investigate the oxidative stress hypothesis in patients with Alzheimer type dementia.

Method: Serum melatonin, Zn, Cu, Fe, and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured in patients with Alzheimer disease. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores were obtained for the patients and their age- and sex-matched healthy controls.