Novel nanoformulation for enhanced amphotericin B efficacy and sustained release using vetiver root cellulose nanofibers against Candida albicans.

The formidable antifungal agent, Amphotericin B, is well-known for its potency; however, its clinical application has been significantly limited due to toxicity and poor solubility. This study aims to address these challenges by developing and evaluating a novel nano-cellulose-based formulation of Amphotericin B to enhance its efficacy. Amphotericin B was encapsulated within cellulose nanofibers at varying ratios to optimize formulation parameters, including drug concentration, particle size, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency.

Effect of social and behavioral change interventions on minimum dietary diversity among pregnant women and associated socio-economic inequality in Rajasthan, India.

Background: Maternal dietary diversity is a key to improving the birth and child health outcomes. Besides socio-economic factors, the nutrition specific program- Social and Behavioural Change Communication (SBCC) interventions aimed to improve maternal dietary diversity has varied levels of impact on the socio-economic groups in poor resource setups.

Objective: To measure the factors associated with the minimum dietary diversity (MDD) among pregnant women in selected districts of Rajasthan with special emphasis on the SBCC components.

LC-MS profiling, in vitro and in silico C-ABL kinase inhibitory approach to identify potential anticancer agents from Dalbergia sissoo leaves.

Belonging to the Fabaceae family, Dalbergia sissoo, a versatile plant, has gained prominence for its potent medicinal attributes, especially antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective properties, as well as the use of its leaf juice in cancer treatment. Despite these recognized applications by natives and tribals, comprehensive insight into its biological activities and chemical composition remains limited. This study aimed to explore the cytotoxic potential of sequentially extracted leaf extracts from Dalbergia sissoo using various solvents, aiming to unveil the array of phytochemicals through LC-MS profiling.

phytochemicals as EGFR inhibitors: an approach.

The safest and most effective sources of medications are natural and traditional medicines derived from plants and herbs. In Western India, various parts of the plant, which belongs to the family, have been traditionally used to treat different types of cancer by the local tribes. However, this claim has not been scientifically proven yet.

Enzyme-based green synthesis, characterisation, and toxicity studies of cellulose nanocrystals/fibres produced from the Vetiveria zizanioides roots agro-waste.

Vetiver zizanioides roots are considered the most useful part of the plant. It is widely used to extract oil. The aromatic oil is used in perfumery, food-flavouring and cosmetic industries.

Seaweed polysaccharide derived bioaldehyde nanocomposite: Potential application in anticancer therapeutics.

In the present study, we have demonstrated synthesis of agar aldehyde (A) from seaweed polysaccharide and its further successful application for preparation of A mediated solid silver nanocomposite (A-AgNPs). A-AgNPs were characterized for biophysical properties by FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, and UV-vis spectroscopy. A-AgNPs were further tested in vitro and in vivo for anticancer activity.

An integrated effluent free process for the production of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF), levulinic acid (LA) and KNS-ML from aqueous seaweed extract.

This paper demonstrates an integrated zero liquid discharge (ZLD) process for time-dependent recovery of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF), levulinic acid (LA) and potassium, nitrogen and sulphur rich mother liquor (KNS-ML) - manure from agar/agarose containing seaweed aqueous solution using transition metal-free KHSO as an eco-friendly and reusable catalyst. The selectivity of HMF is higher at 115 °C in 3 h and favorable to LA in 6 h in autoclave conditions. The proposed concept could be fine-tuned for the selective production of 5-HMF (up to 91% yield) or levulinic acid (56% yield) in the presence of the KHSO catalyst.

Sodium Salts (NaI/NaBr/NaCl) for the Halogenation of Imidazo-Fused Heterocycles.

We report herein an effective method for the halogenation of imidazo-fused heterocycles using readily available sodium salts (NaCl/NaBr/NaI) as halogen source and KSO (or) oxone as promoter. A variety of C-3 halogenated imidazo[1,2- a]pyridines and benzo[d]imidazo[2,1- b]thiazoles were obtained in good to excellent yields. The present method of halogenation has been also extended to 2-aminopyridines, 2-aminopyrimidine, indole, and isoquinoline with moderate to excellent yields.

Anionic carboxymethylagarose-based pH-responsive smart superabsorbent hydrogels for controlled release of anticancer drug.

Herein, we demonstrate the preparation of superabsorbent hydrogel (CMA-g-PAm) materials using anionic and cold water soluble carboxymethyagarose (CMA, a seaweed polysaccharide-based derivative) with polyacrylamide (PAm) through rapid microwave assisted grafting technique. The successful fabrication of CMA-g-PAm was verified by FT-IR, SEM, XRD, TGA and CHN analyzer. Effects of initiator, crosslinker, and monomer on the swelling behavior and grafting parameters have been thoroughly investigated.

Solvent-free production of nano-FeS anchored graphene from Ulva fasciata: A scalable synthesis of super-adsorbent for lead, chromium and dyes.

Here we demonstrate, a simple and solvent-free synthetic route for the production of FeS/Fe(0) functionalized graphene nanocomposite (G-Fe) via a one-step pyrolysis of seaweed biomass (Ulva fasciata). It is proposed that the natural abundance of both inorganic and organic sulfur in the seaweed induces the reduction of exfoliated graphitic sheets at elevated temperatures. FeCl was employed both as the iron precursor as well as the templating agent.

Synthesis of bio-based aldehyde from seaweed polysaccharide and its interaction with bovine serum albumin.

Here, we demonstrate a successful synthesis of bio-based aldehyde namely dialdehyde-carboxymethylagarose (DCMA) using carboxymethyagarose (CMA). Further reaction parameters (i.e.

Calcium and Superoxide-Mediated Pathways Converge to Induce Nitric Oxide-Dependent Apoptosis in Mycobacterium fortuitum-Infected Fish Macrophages.

Mycobacterium fortuitum causes 'mycobacteriosis' in wide range of hosts although the mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here we demonstrate the role of calcium (Ca+2)-signalling cascade on M. fortuitum-induced apoptosis in headkidney macrophages (HKM) of Clarias sp.

Chitosan-Based Aerogel Membrane for Robust Oil-in-Water Emulsion Separation.

Here, we demonstrate direct recovery of water from stable emulsion waste using aerogel membrane. Chitosan-based gel was transformed into highly porous aerogel membrane using bio-origin genipin as cross-linking agent. Aerogel membranes were characterized for their morphology using SEM, chemical composition by FTIR and solid-UV.

Fundamental studies on the feasibility of deep eutectic solvents for the selective partition of glaucarubinone present in the roots of Simarouba glauca.

Several deep eutectic solvents prepared by the complexation of choline chloride as the hydrogen bond acceptor and hydrogen bond donors such as urea, thiourea, ethylene glycol, and glycerol were employed to partition glaucarubinone, an antimalarial compound present in roots of the plant, Simarouba glauca. Among all the solvents, the deep eutectic solvent consisting of the mixture of choline chloride and urea the most suitable to partition the antimalarial compound from the extract selectively. Analytical tools such as high-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry were used for characterizations, and glaucarubinone extracted from the roots of the plant by conventional solvent extraction method was used as a reference for comparison.

Carboxymethylagarose-AuNPs generated through green route for selective detection of Hg2+ in aqueous medium with a blue shift.

We report here a facile, rapid, cost-effective method via a green route for the selective detection of Hg(2+) in aqueous media. In this study carboxymethylagarose (CMA) is used to generate gold nanoparticles and subsequently to act as a stabilizer for the CMA-functionalized gold nanoparticles (CMA-AuNPs). The resulting CMA-AuNPs was characterized by UV-visible, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and zeta potential measurements.

Agarose based multifunctional materials: evaluation of thixotropy, self-healability and stretchability.

This paper reports a microwave assisted one pot facile synthesis of ester derivatives of agarose (Agr-GAEst) through chemical reaction of agarose (Agr) with gallic acid (GA), an organic acid found in many plants employing carbodiimide chemistry. Agr-GAEst was characterised by FT-IR, (13)C NMR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), DMA measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-vis spectrophotometry and rheometry. The native agarose was insoluble in ethylene glycol, but Agr-GAEst (obtained at an optimized molar ratio of 1: 0.

Microwave-induced facile synthesis of water-soluble fluorogenic alginic acid derivatives.

A facile microwave-induced method was developed for synthesizing water-soluble fluorescent derivatives of alginic acid (ALG) with four different diamines, hydrazine (HY), ethylenediamine (EDA), 1,6-hexanediamine (HDA), and 1,4-cyclohexanediamine (CHDA), followed by a cross-linking reaction with a natural cross linker genipin. The ethylenediamine derivative of alginic acid (ALG-EDA) exhibited good fluorescent activity, which upon cross linking was enhanced threefold. The other amide derivatives, for example, ALG-HY, ALG-HDA, and ALG-CHDA, were not fluorescent, but their respective crosslinked products exhibited excellent fluorescent activity.

Cellulose of Salicornia brachiata.

Cellulose was extracted from the roots, stems and stem tips of Salicornia brachiata Roxb. Each crude cellulose sample obtained was fractionated into alpha- and beta-celluloses. The yields of crude cellulose from the stems and stem tips were greatest and lowest, respectively, while the yields of alpha- and beta-celluloses were in the order, roots > stems > stem tips.

Detection and quantification of some plant growth regulators in a seaweed-based foliar spray employing a mass spectrometric technique sans chromatographic separation.

The sap expelled from the fresh harvest of Kappaphycus alvarezii , a red seaweed growing in tropical waters, has been reported to be a potent foliar spray. Tandem mass spectrometry of various organic extracts of the sap confirmed the presence of the plant growth regulators (PGRs) indole 3-acetic acid, gibberellin GA(3), kinetin, and zeatin. These PGRs were quantified in fresh state and after 1 year of storage by ESI-MS without recourse to chromatographic separation.

Profiling of cellulose content in Indian seaweed species.

Cellulose contents were estimated in 12 seaweed samples belonging to different families e.g. red, brown and green, growing in Indian waters.

Intermolecular complexation and phase separation in aqueous solutions of oppositely charged biopolymers.

Turbidity measurements performed at 450nm were used to follow the process of complex formation, and phase separation in gelatin-agar aqueous solutions. Acid (Type-A) and alkali (Type-B) processed gelatin (polyampholyte) and agar (anionic polyelectrolyte) solutions, both having concentration of 0.1% (w/v) were mixed in various proportions, and the mixture was titrated (with 0.

Effect of genipin, a naturally occurring crosslinker on the properties of kappa-carrageenan.

Genipin-fixed kappa-carrageenan was prepared in ambient conditions in aqueous solution using genipin, a naturally occurring crosslinker with kappa-carrageenan (kappaC). The crosslinked kappaC showed the greatest swelling capacity in acidic medium having pH 1.2 when compared to those in neutral and alkaline media.