Impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic on Physical and Mental Health of Patients With COPD: Results From a Longitudinal Cohort Study Conducted in the United States (2020-2021).

Background: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at higher risk for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). From the pandemic's onset there has been concern regarding effects on health and well-being of high-risk patients.

Methods: This was an ancillary study to the Losartan Effects on Emphysema Progression (LEEP) Trial and was designed to collect descriptive information longitudinally about the health and wellbeing of COPD patients who were enrolled in a clinical trial.

Mechanisms of pulmonary endothelial permeability and inflammation caused by extracellular histone subunits H3 and H4.

Extracellular DNA-binding proteins such as histones are danger-associated molecular pattern released by the injured tissues in trauma and sepsis settings, which trigger host immune response and vascular dysfunction. Molecular events leading to histone-induced endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction remain poorly understood. This study performed comparative analysis of H1, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone subunits effects on human pulmonary EC permeability and inflammatory response.

Circulating extracellular histones exacerbate acute lung injury by augmenting pulmonary endothelial dysfunction via TLR4-dependent mechanism.

Extracellular histones released into the circulation following trauma, sepsis, and ARDS may act as potent damage-associated molecular pattern signals leading to multiple organ failure. Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction caused by extracellular histones has been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo; however, precise mechanistic details of histone-induced EC dysfunction and exacerbation of ongoing inflammation remain poorly understood. This study investigated the role of extracellular histones in exacerbating preexisting endothelial dysfunction and acute lung injury.

Outcomes associated with stroke volume variation versus central venous pressure guided fluid replacements during major abdominal surgery.

Background And Aims: There is limited data on the impact of perioperative fluid therapy guided by dynamic preload variables like stroke volume variation (SVV) on outcomes after abdominal surgery. We studied the effect of SVV guided versus central venous pressure (CVP) guided perioperative fluid administration on outcomes after major abdominal surgery.

Material And Methods: Sixty patients undergoing major abdominal surgeries were randomized into two equal groups in this prospective single blind randomized study.

Are active warming measures required during paediatric cleft surgeries?

Background: During paediatric cleft surgeries intraoperative heat loss is minimal and hence undertaking all possible precautions available to prevent hypothermia and use of active warming measures may result in development of hyperthermia. This study aims to determine whether there will be hyperthermia on active warming and hypothermia if no active warming measures are undertaken. The rate of intraoperative temperature changes with and without active warming was also noted.