Multi-organ transcriptome atlas of a mouse model of relative energy deficiency in sport.

Insufficient energy intake to meet energy expenditure demands of physical activity can result in systemic neuroendocrine and metabolic abnormalities in activity-dependent anorexia and relative energy deficiency in sport (REDs). REDs affects >40% of athletes, yet the lack of underlying molecular changes has been a hurdle to have a better understanding of REDs and its treatment. To assess the molecular changes in response to energy deficiency, we implemented the "exercise-for-food" paradigm, in which food reward size is determined by wheel-running activity.

Energy balance drives diurnal and nocturnal brain transcriptome rhythms.

Plasticity in daily timing of activity has been observed in many species, yet the underlying mechanisms driving nocturnality and diurnality are unknown. By regulating how much wheel-running activity will be rewarded with a food pellet, we can manipulate energy balance and switch mice to be nocturnal or diurnal. Here, we present the rhythmic transcriptome of 21 tissues, including 17 brain regions, sampled every 4 h over a 24-h period from nocturnal and diurnal male CBA/CaJ mice.

Diurnal transcriptome landscape of a multi-tissue response to time-restricted feeding in mammals.

Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is an emerging behavioral nutrition intervention that involves a daily cycle of feeding and fasting. In both animals and humans, TRF has pleiotropic health benefits that arise from multiple organ systems, yet the molecular basis of TRF-mediated benefits is not well understood. Here, we subjected mice to isocaloric ad libitum feeding (ALF) or TRF of a western diet and examined gene expression changes in samples taken from 22 organs and brain regions collected every 2 h over a 24-h period.

Genome-wide introgression from a bread wheat × Lophopyrum elongatum amphiploid into wheat.

We introgressed wheatgrass germplasm from the octoploid amphiploid Triticum aestivum× Lophopyrum elongatum into wheat by manipulating the wheat Ph1 gene and discovered and characterized 130 introgression lines harboring single or, in various combinations, complete and recombined L. elongatum chromosomes. Diploid wheatgrass Lophopyrum elongatum (genomes EE) possesses valuable traits for wheat genetics and breeding.

Evaluation of Circulating Plasma VEGF-A, ET-1 and Magnesium Levels as the Predictive Markers for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common cause for preventable blindness in India. The onset of micro and macrovascular complications in T2DM is multifactorial and difficult to predict. The status of micronutrients, several inflammatory cytokines, elevated triacylglycerols, oxidative stress etc.

Structural variation and rates of genome evolution in the grass family seen through comparison of sequences of genomes greatly differing in size.

Homology was searched with genes annotated in the Aegilops tauschii pseudomolecules against genes annotated in the pseudomolecules of tetraploid wild emmer wheat, Brachypodium distachyon, sorghum and rice. Similar searches were performed with genes annotated in the rice pseudomolecules. Matrices of collinear genes and rearrangements in their order were constructed.

Association of Glycemic Status with Bone Turnover Markers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Context: Type 2 diabetes mellitus has profound implications on the skeleton. Even though bone mineral density is increased in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, they are more prone for fractures. The weakening of bone tissue in type 2 diabetes mellitus can be due to uncontrolled blood sugar levels leading to high levels of bone turnover markers in blood.

A High-Density Genetic Map of Wild Emmer Wheat from the Karaca Dağ Region Provides New Evidence on the Structure and Evolution of Wheat Chromosomes.

Wild emmer ( ssp. ) is a progenitor of all cultivated wheat grown today. It has been hypothesized that emmer was domesticated in the Karaca Dağ region in southeastern Turkey.

Urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine as a marker of oxidative stress induced genetic toxicity in oral cancer patients.

Context: Recently, non-communicable diseases have snatched the lead from infectious diseases in causing mortality. Of these, oral cancer accounts for a significant proportion of deaths. Every year in India significant percentage of newly diagnosed malignancy is oral cancer attributed to various reasons.

Estimation of serum malondialdehyde and assessment of DNA damage using comet assay in patients with oral submucous fibrosis.

Aim: To quantify the level of serum malondialdehyde and extent of DNA damage using comet assay in patients with oral submucous fibrosis (SMF) in comparison to normal individuals and to correlate the extent of DNA damage with MDA levels.

Methods: Study included 30 cases of SMF (n = 30) and equal number of healthy volunteers. Serum malondialdehyde was measured using the thiobarbituric-trichloroacetitic acid (TBA-TCA) method.

Diagnostic utility of heat stable alkaline phosphatase in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

Background: Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) complicate 3-10% of all pregnancies. Though there are several biochemical parameters which aid in predicting hypertension of pregnancy, human placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP), synthesized in placenta during pregnancy by placental syncytiotrophoblast, assumes diagnostic relevance. The purpose of this study was to compare the total alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and heat stable placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) levels in the serum of normotensive and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and to evaluate the clinical utility of ALP and PLAP as a reliable, sensitive, specific and economical biochemical marker of HDP.

STRUCTURE PLOT: a program for drawing elegant STRUCTURE bar plots in user friendly interface.

Background: Understanding structure of the population is one of the major objective of many genetic studies. The program STRUCTURE is commonly used to infer population structure using multi-locus genotype data. However, a tool with graphical-user interface is currently not available to visualize STRUCTURE bar plots.

Biosensors in clinical chemistry: An overview.

Biosensors are small devices that employ biological/biochemical reactions for detecting target analytes. Basically, the device consists of a biocatalyst and a transducer. The biocatalyst may be a cell, tissue, enzyme or even an oligonucleotide.

The prospect of serum magnesium and an electrolyte panel as an adjuvant cardiac biomarker in the management of acute myocardial infarction.

Background: Ischemic heart disease accounts 12.2% deaths worldwide. Serum magnesium (Mg+) status is often ignored in Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI).

Planning an objective and need based curriculum: the logistics with reference to the undergraduate medical education in biochemistry.

Purpose: The medical education is recently being transformed into several domains in order to adapt to the need and the value based academics which is required for the quality doctors who serve the community. Presently, the biochemistry curricula for the graduate students of medicine have been questioned by as many experts, because of their multiple lacunae. In this review, we would like to highlight the scenario which is related to the existing biochemistry curricula for graduate medical students, which have been followed in several medical schools and universities and we also hope to share our ideas for implementing objective and pragmatic curricula.