Toxicity analysis and biomarker response of Quinalphos Organophosphate Insecticide (QOI) on eco-friendly exotic Eudrilus eugeniae earthworm.

An ever-increasing use of pesticides in agricultural fields has led to a catastrophic decline in crop quality and, ultimately soil fertility. To control various pests, quinalphos is commonly used in India's tea plantations. This study aims to investigate the effects of the Quinalphos organophosphate insecticide on the non-target beneficial organism Eudrilus eugeniae earthworms and the biomarkers that respond to its effects.