Rhodococcus electrodiphilus sp. nov., a marine electro active actinobacterium isolated from coral reef.

An electrogenic bacterium was isolated from a marine coral, designated as strain JC435 and its taxonomic status examined by using a polyphasic approach. Results from the 16S rRNA gene sequence study showed that the isolate belonged to the genus Rhodococcus and formed a cluster with Rhodococcus ruber KCTC 9806 (99.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Rhodococcus aetherivorans JCM 14343 (99.

Mycobacterium oryzae sp. nov., a scotochromogenic, rapidly growing species is able to infect human macrophage cell line.

Gram-stain-positive, acid-fast-positive, rapidly growing, rod-shaped bacteria (designated as strains JC290T, JC430 and JC431) were isolated from paddy cultivated soils on the Western Ghats of India. Phylogenetic analysis placed the three strains among the rapidly growing mycobacteria, being most closely related to Mycobacterium tokaiense 47503T (98.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Mycobacterium murale MA112/96T (98.

Rhodovulum algae sp. nov., isolated from an algal mat.

A reddish-brown-pigmented, phototrophic bacterium, designated strain JA877T, was isolated from a brown algae mat sample collected from Jalandhar beach, Gujarat, India. On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain JA877T belongs to the class Alphaproteobacteria and is closely related to the type strains Rhodovulum viride JA756T (99.0 %), Rhodovulum sulfidophilum Hansen W4T (98.

Zooshikella marina sp. nov. a cycloprodigiosin- and prodigiosin-producing marine bacterium isolated from beach sand.

A red-pigmented bacterium producing a metallic green sheen, designated strain JC333T, was isolated from a sand sample collected from Shivrajpur-Kachigad beach, Gujarat, India. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JC333T showed highest sequence similarity to Zooshikella ganghwensis JC2044T (99.24 %) and less than 91.

Ornithinimicrobium algicola sp. nov., a marine actinobacterium isolated from the green alga of the genus Ulva.

A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, strain JC311T, isolated from marine green alga of the genus Ulva was studied to examine its taxonomic position. On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, strain JC311T was shown represent a member of the genus Ornithinimicrobium and to be closely related to Ornithinimicrobium pekingense LW6T (98.6 %), Ornithinimicrobium kibberense K22-20T (98.

Roseomonas oryzae sp. nov., isolated from paddy rhizosphere soil.

A non-motile, coccus-shaped, pale-pink-pigmented bacterium, designated strain JC288T, was isolated from a paddy rhizosphere soil collected from Western Ghats, Kankumbi, Karnataka, India. Cells were found to be Gram-stain-negative, and catalase- and oxidase-positive; the major fatty acids were C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c, C18 : 1ω7c/C18 : 1ω6c and C18 : 1 2-OH. The predominant respiratory quinone was Q-10 and the genomic DNA G+C content was 67.

Flectobacillus rhizosphaerae sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Oryza sativa (L.), and emended description of the genus Flectobacillus.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, pale orange, rod-shaped, non-motile bacterial strain, designated JC289T was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample of the plant Oryza sativa (L.). 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis clearly allocated strain JC289T to the Flectobacillus cluster, showing highest sequence similarities to Flectobacillus roseus GFA-11T (99.

Arcobacter anaerophilus sp. nov., isolated from an estuarine sediment and emended description of the genus Arcobacter.

Two strains (JC83, JC84(T)) of obligately anaerobic, H2S-producing bacteria were isolated from estuarine sediment samples collected from Gangasagar, West Bengal, India. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, non-motile rods. Both strains were positive for oxidase, negative for catalase, hydrolysed casein, reduced nitrate and utilized citrate.

Neurosporene is the major carotenoid accumulated by Rhodobacter viridis JA737.

The carotenoid, neurosporene, is of commercial importance due to its use as an antioxidant and UV-B radiation protector. It is usually obtained from fruits and vegetables. Although some bacterial mutants can accumulate neurosporene, these are unstable.

Rhodospirillum oryzae sp. nov., a phototrophic bacterium isolated from rhizosphere soil of paddy.

A reddish-brown bacterium, designated strain JA318(T), was purified from a photoheterotrophic enrichment culture obtained from the rhizosphere soil of paddy. Cells of strain JA318(T) are spiral shaped, Gram-stain-negative and motile by means of amphitrichous flagella. Strain JA318(T) has no NaCl requirement for growth but can tolerate up to 1.

Emended description of the genus Rhodothalassium Imhoff et al., 1998 and proposal of Rhodothalassiaceae fam. nov. and Rhodothalassiales ord. nov.

Five strains (JA325, JA389, JA473, JA563 and JA582) of Gram stain-negative, vibrioid to spiral shaped, phototrophic purple bacteria were isolated from solar salterns of India. All strains contained bacteriochlorophyll-a and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series as photosynthetic pigments. C(18:1)ω7c, C(18:1)ω7c 11-methyl and C(16:0) were the major fatty acids of all strains.

Chryseomicrobium amylolyticum sp. nov., isolated from a semi-arid tropical soil, and emended descriptions of the genus Chryseomicrobium and Chryseomicrobium imtechense.

A rod-shaped, non-motile, Gram-stain-positive, catalase-positive, starch-hydrolysing strain, JC16(T), was isolated from a semi-arid tropical soil from India. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain JC16(T) clustered with the type species of the genus Chryseomicrobium, Chryseomicrobium imtechense MW 10(T), a member of the family Planococcaceae within the phylum Firmicutes with 99.3 % sequence similarity.

Rhodobacter viridis sp. nov., a phototrophic bacterium isolated from mud of a stream.

A green phototrophic bacterium (strain JA737(T)), which was oval- to rod-shaped, Gram-negative and motile, was isolated from mud of a stream in the Western Ghats of India. Strain JA737(T) contained bacteriochlorophyll a, and the major carotenoid was neurosporene. The major quinone was Q-10 and the polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified aminolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and five unidentified lipids.

Rhodoplanes piscinae sp. nov. isolated from pond water.

Two strains (JA266(T) and JA333) of Gram-negative, rod-shaped, phototrophic, purple non-sulfur bacteria were isolated from a freshwater fish pond and an industrial effluent. Both strains were capable of phototrophic and chemotrophic growth. Bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series were present as photosynthetic pigments.

Rhodovulum bhavnagarense sp. nov., a phototrophic alphaproteobacterium isolated from a pink pond.

An oval to rod-shaped, Gram-stain-negative, phototrophic bacterium, strain JA738(T), was isolated from a sediment sample collected from a pink pond. Strain JA738(T) was non-motile and had vesicular-type intracellular photosynthetic membranes. Bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the spheroidene series were present as the major photosynthetic pigments.

Georgenia satyanarayanai sp. nov., an alkaliphilic and thermotolerant amylase-producing actinobacterium isolated from a soda lake.

A Gram-stain-positive, oxidase-negative, starch-hydrolysing, actinobacterium (strain JC82(T)) was isolated from a soda lake in Lonar, India. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, strain JC82(T) belonged to the genus Georgenia and was most closely related to Georgenia muralis 1A-C(T) (96.8 %) and other members of the genus Georgenia (<96.

Descriptions of Rhodopseudomonas parapalustris sp. nov., Rhodopseudomonas harwoodiae sp. nov. and Rhodopseudomonas pseudopalustris sp. nov., and emended description of Rhodopseudomonas palustris.

Four strains (JA310(T), JA531(T), JA447 and JA490) of red to reddish brown pigmented, rod-shaped, motile and budding phototrophic bacteria were isolated from soil and freshwater sediment samples from different geographical regions of India. All strains contained bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series. The major cellular fatty acid of strains JA310(T) and JA531(T) was C(18:1)ω7c, the quinone was Q-10 and polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, an aminohopanoid and an unidentified aminolipid.

Marichromatium litoris sp. nov. and Marichromatium chrysaorae sp. nov. isolated from beach sand and from a jelly fish (Chrysaora colorata).

Three strains (JA349(T), JA553(T), JA439) of phototrophic sulphur bacteria were isolated from marine habitats of India. 16S rRNA gene sequence of the three strains clustered phylogenetically with members of the genus Marichromatium of the family Chromatiaceae belonging to the class Gammaproteobacteria. All the strains shared highest sequence similarity with the type strains of Marichromatium spp.

Rhodovulum phaeolacus sp. nov. a phototrophic alphaproteobacterium isolated from a brown pond.

Two strains of oval-rod shaped, Gram-negative, phototrophic, purple non-sulfur bacteria designated JA580(T) and JA595 were isolated from a sediment sample collected from a brown pond. Strain JA580(T) was designated as the type strain, while strain JA595 as an additional strain has similar characteristics to the type strain. Strain JA580(T) was non-motile and grew photoheterotrophically with a number of organic compounds serving as carbon source/electron donor.

Phaeospirillum tilakii sp. nov., a phototrophic alphaproteobacterium isolated from aquatic sediments.

Two strains (JA492(T) and JA590) of spiral-shaped, anaerobic, Gram-stain-negative, motile, purple non-sulfur bacteria were isolated from aquatic sediments from a bird sanctuary and a stream, respectively, and were characterized by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids (rhodopin, lycopene, hydroxylycopene glucoside and dihydroxylycopene diglucoside) were present as photosynthetic pigments. Intracellular photosynthetic membranes were of the stacked type.