Importance of "Telephone Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation" in out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in India.

Background: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a major cause of mortality in developing countries such as India. Most cardiac arrests happen outside the hospital and are associated with poor survival rates due to delay in recognition and in performing early cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Community CPR training and telephone CPR (T-CPR) in the dispatch centers have been shown to increase bystander CPR rates and survival.

A profile of traumatic injury in the prehospital setting in India: A prospective observational study across seven states.

Background: Traumatic injury continues to be a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in low-income and middle-income countries (LMIC). The World Health Organization has called for a strengthening of prehospital care in order to improve outcomes from trauma. In this study we sought to profile traumatic injury seen in the prehospital setting in India and identify predictors of mortality in this patient population.

Timely access to care for patients with critical burns in India: a prehospital prospective observational study.

Background: Low/middle-income countries carry a disproportionate burden of the morbidity and mortality from thermal burns. Nearly 70% of burn deaths worldwide are from thermal burns in India. Delays to medical care are commonplace and an important predictor of outcomes.

New empirical relation for chemical shift and effective charge in the X-ray absorption edge shifts.

A new relation, ΔE = ae, between the chemical shift ΔE and effective charge 'q' is proposed. It has been shown that the relation generates polynomial relations, between ΔE and 'q' used by earlier investigators and addresses their short-comings effectively. Further, four possible sign combinations of 'q' and ΔE are accounted for using the proposed equation.

Framework for a National STEMI Program: consensus document developed by STEMI INDIA, Cardiological Society of India and Association Physicians of India.

The health care burden of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in India is enormous. Yet, many patients with STEMI can seldom avail timely and evidence based reperfusion treatments. This gap in care is a result of financial barriers, limited healthcare infrastructure, poor knowledge and accessibility of acute medical services for a majority of the population.

Epidemiology of Shortness of Breath in Prehospital Patients in Andhra Pradesh, India.

Background: Shortness of breath is a frequent reason for patients to request prehospital emergency medical services and is a symptom of many life-threatening conditions. To date, there is limited information on the epidemiology of, and outcomes of patients seeking emergency medical services for, shortness of breath in India.

Objective: This study describes the characteristics and outcomes of patients with a chief complaint of shortness of breath transported by a public ambulance service in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India.

Vibrational analysis and valence force field for nitrotoluenes, dimethylanilines and some substituted methylbenzenes.

The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectra of 2-amino-4-nitrotoluene; 2-amino-5-nitrotoluene; 2,4-dimethylaniline; 2,5-dimethylaniline; 2,6-dimethylaniline; 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene; 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene and pentamethylbenzene have been recorded in the range 4000-400 cm(-1) and 4000-30 cm(-1), respectively. A normal coordinate analysis was carried out for both in-plane and out-of-plane vibrations of these molecules using an 81-parameter modified valence force field. The force constants were refined using 369 frequencies of eight molecules in the overlay least-squares technique.

Vibrational analysis of mononitro substituted benzamides, benzaldehydes and toluenes. Part II. Transferability of valence force constants.

A zero-order normal coordinate analysis of both the in-plane and out-of-plane vibrations was made for p-, m- and o-methylbenzaldehydes; 3,5-dichloro-p-anisamide; 3,5-dibromo-p-anisamide; 4-chloro-3-nitrotoluene; 2-bromo-4-nitrotoluene and 2-bromo-5-nitrotoluene by transferring the force constants obtained before hand. The observed and calculated frequencies agreed reasonably well demonstrating the transferability of the force field. On the basis of calculated potential energy distributions and eigen vectors, several assignments suggested by earlier workers have been revised.

Vibrational analysis of mononitro substituted benzamides, benzaldehydes and toluenes. Part I. Vibrational spectra, normal coordinate analysis and transferability of force constants of nitrobenzamides, nitrobenzaldehydes and nitrotoluenes.

The Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of p-, m- and o-nitrobenzamides, p-, m- and o-nitrobenzaldehydes and p-, m- and o-nitrotoluenes were recorded. Raman polarisation measurements were made for the liquid samples. A normal coordinate analysis was carried out for both in-plane and out-of-plane vibrations of these molecules using 111-parameter modified valence force field.

Vibrational analysis of substituted phenols: part II. Transferability of valence force constants.

A zero-order normal coordinate analysis was made for the in-plane and out-of-plane vibrations of 2,6-dimethylphenol, 2,3-dimethylphenol, 3,5-dimethylphenol, 2,6-dichloro-4-nitrophenol, 2,4-dichloro-6-nitrophenol, 3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde, 3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde and 3-iodo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde and for the in-plane vibrations of 2-amino-4-nitrophenol by transferring the force constants obtained beforehand. The transferability of the force constants was demonstrated by the good agreement between the observed and calculated frequencies. On the basis of calculated potential energy distributions and eigenvectors, several assignments suggested by earlier workers have been revised.

Vibrational analysis of substituted phenols: part I. Vibrational spectra, normal coordinate analysis and transferability of force constants of some formyl-, methoxy-, formylmethoxy-, methyl- and halogeno-phenols.

The Raman (including FT-Raman) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of 1,3-dihydroxybenzene, 1,4-dihydroxybenzene, 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, 1,2-dihydroxy-3-methoxybenzene, 2,5-dihydroxytoluene, 2,6-dihydroxytoluene, pentachlorophenol and pentabromophenol were measured. Raman polarisation measurements were made wherever possible. A normal coordinate treatment was carried out for both the in-plane and out-of-plane vibrations of these molecules using a 123-parameter-modified valence force field.