Framework for site specific leachate limits in MSW dumpsites: Integration of high-resolution site characterization and contaminant transport modeling.

The establishment of site-specific target limits (SSTLs) for old municipal solid waste (MSW) dumpsites is essential for defining remediation goals in a scientifically rigorous manner. However, a standardized framework for achieving this is currently lacking. This study proposes a comprehensive framework that integrates high-resolution site characterization (HRSC) tools, targeted sampling, and contaminant transport modeling to derive SSTLs.

Advanced characterisation of groundwater contamination at a dumpsite: Methodology and assessment - Case study of a municipal solid waste dumpsite in India.

Groundwater (GW) contamination due to municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal in open dumpsites is a pressing global issue. Traditional GW assessment studies are limited to single-depth sampling from nearby wells/handpumps, providing limited insights into subsurface soil characteristics and are prone to cross-contamination. The present study introduces an innovative methodology integrating advanced techniques: Cone Penetration Testing (CPT), Hydraulic Profiling Tool (HPT), Continuous Soil Sampling, and Discrete GW Sampling.

Microplastic migration from landfill-mined soil through earth filling operations and ecological risk assessment: a case study in New Delhi, India.

Microplastics (MPs), plastic pieces smaller than 5 mm, are emerging as a critical ecological threat, potentially disrupting ecosystems and complicating waste management practices. Landfill-Mined Soil-Like Material (LMSLM), a byproduct of landfill reclamation, is gaining global traction for rehabilitating degraded land and repurposing it for geotechnical applications. While studies have examined contaminants like heavy metals and salts, MPs contamination has been largely overlooked, raising environmental concerns.

Electrical conductivity profiling for rapid contamination assessment in unsaturated zones: A case study of an MSW landfill.

This study investigates the potential of using bulk soil electrical conductivity (EC) to predict pore water conductivity (EC) for assessing the contamination in the unsaturated zone of an old municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill. EC, EC, and water content were evaluated with depth at an old MSW landfill in Bhalswa, Delhi, using the Hydraulic Profiling Tool (HPT) and a dual tube soil sampling system. This data was also supplemented by a cone penetration test (CPTu) for high-resolution soil type identification.

Sustainable utilization of incineration bottom ash in pavement construction: Environmental impacts and life cycle assessment.

The global drive towards sustainable development has prompted a notable shift in civil engineering practices towards utilizing secondary materials, such as incineration bottom ash (IBA). The literature review underscores the relevance of waste incineration and the crucial need for effective IBA management strategies. Existing studies, however, reveal a dearth of studies within the life cycle assessment (LCA) framework focusing on understanding IBA characteristics and field conditions.

Optimizing MSW incineration bottom ash reuse: A study on treated wastewater washing and leaching control.

The current study introduces an innovative methodology by utilizing treated wastewater (TWW) from an effluent treatment plant as a washing agent to enhance the characteristics of incineration bottom ash (IBA). This approach addresses sustainability concerns and promotes the circular economy by reusing wastewater generated in municipal solid waste incineration facilities. Previous research has underscored the challenges of open IBA reuse due to elevated leaching of chlorides, sulfates, and trace metal(loid)s.

Transcriptomic profile in carbendazim-induced developmental defects in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos/larvae.

Carbendazim is a widely used fungicide to protect agricultural and horticultural crops against a wide array of fungal species. Published reports have shown that the wide usage of carbendazim resulted in reprotoxicity, carcinogenicity, immunotoxicity, and developmental toxicity in mammalian models. However, studies related to the developmental toxicity of carbendazim in aquatic organisms are not clear.

Investigation on trommeled legacy waste from full-scale mining of old dumpsites: Suitable for valorization or scientific disposal?

The burgeoning interest in resource recovery from old dumpsites has significantly propelled the adoption of Landfill Mining (LFM) in recent years. This study is centred around evaluating the quality of materials recovered from the full-scale LFM activities at two major dumpsites in India, focusing on the valorization potential of the segregated legacy waste. A detailed analysis was conducted on the segregated waste fractions based on particle size (-30 mm, 30 to 6 mm, and -6 mm, as sourced from the sites), employing both batch and column leaching methods across a range of liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratios (0.

Optimisation and interpretation of machine and deep learning models for improved water quality management in Lake Loktak.

Loktak Lake, one of the largest freshwater lakes in Manipur, India, is critical for the eco-hydrology and economy of the region, but faces deteriorating water quality due to urbanisation, anthropogenic activities, and domestic sewage. Addressing the urgent need for effective pollution management, this study aims to assess the lake's water quality status using the water quality index (WQI) and develop advanced machine learning (ML) tools for WQI assessment and ML model interpretation to improve pollution management decision making. The WQI was assessed using entropy-based weighting arithmetic and three ML models - Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM), Random Forest (RF) and Deep Neural Network (DNN) - were optimised using a grid search algorithm in the H2O Application Programming Interface (API).

Identification and assessment of appropriate remediation management techniques for the recovery of soil-like material produced in landfill mining.

Landfill mining has received major attention in recent years for the reclamation of waste disposal sites, including in developing countries such as India where significant efforts are being made to manage sites in this way. The bulk of the material obtained from landfill mining consists of fine-grained soil-like material (SLM) but its direct reuse in off-site applications is restricted due to the presence of harmful heavy metals, soluble salts and other pollutants. In this study, appropriate techniques for managing SLM to permit recovery and reuse are assessed.

Characterization of MSW incineration bottom ash for use as structural fill in reinforced soil structures: Geoenvironmental, geotechnical and economical assessment.

The study presents the geoenvironmental and geotechnical characterization of MSW incineration bottom ash (IBA) and examines its reuse as structural fill in reinforced soil structures (RSS).The suitability of reuse has been assessed with regard to international regulatory standards. The prime focus of the work remains on evaluating the pullout response of geosynthetic reinforcements through IBA fill to determine the interaction coefficient, which has never been addressed in the literature.

An investigation on mobility of heavy metals for assessing the reusability of soil-like material reclaimed from mining of municipal solid waste dumpsites.

Landfill mining, often referred to as "bio-mining", enables the recovery of resources, including combustible, compostable, and recyclable fractions from landfills. However, most of the materials mined from old landfills mainly consist of soil-like materials (SLM). The reuse of SLM depends on the concentration of contaminants, such as heavy metals, soluble salts, etc.

Qualitative comparison of elemental concentration in soils and other geomaterials using FP-XRF.

Field portable X-ray fluorescence (FP-XRF) has tremendous potential in geoenvironmental engineering as a qualitative assessment tool. Identification of the elevated concentrations of the selected elements (Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in various geomaterials like soil-like-material (SLM), incinerated bottom ash (IBA), construction and demolition waste (CDW), zinc tailings (ZT) and fly ash (FA) was performed by FP-XRF and compared with the local soil-Delhi silt. Comparably higher concentrations (mg/kg) of Cr (401.

Contaminants of concern (CoCs) pivotal in assessing the fate of MSW incineration bottom ash (MIBA): First results from India and analogy between several countries.

Present study characterizes municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (MIBA) from three incineration plants in Delhi with an intent to serve the dual objectives: a) assessing the disposal/reuse options for Delhi MIBA, b) evaluating variability in results across the countries (including India) and assessing if is significant enough to influence the fate of MIBA of varied origin. A review on leaching studies of MIBA (50 research papers) was conducted which aided in achieving both the objectives. Delhi MIBA samples were analysed for chemical composition.

Elevated Serum SIRT 2 May Differentiate Parkinson's Disease From Atypical Parkinsonian Syndromes.

Atypical Parkinson syndromes (APSs) often have symptoms that overlap with those of Parkinson's disease (PD), especially early in the disease, making these disorders difficult to diagnose. Previous studies have demonstrated an association of oligomeric α-synuclein (α-Syn), a key element in the pathogenesis of PD, with Sirtuin (SIRT)2 proteins for modulating PD. We aimed to evaluate SIRT protein expression in serum of PD patients and compare it with APSs and normal elderly control (GC) and to correlate this with α-Syn.

Investigations on fine fraction of aged municipal solid waste recovered through landfill mining: Case study of three dumpsites from India.

Reclamation of the dumps/landfills having huge quantities of decades-old garbage (aged waste or legacy waste) in an environmentally sound manner is one of the major challenges faced by the developing nations in general and in particular by urban local bodies in India. The article presents the feasibility of landfill mining operation specifically to recover soil-like material at old dumpsites of India for re-use in geotechnical applications. Aged municipal solid waste was collected from three dumpsites of India and initial tests were conducted on the soil-like material of the municipal solid waste.

New empirical relation for chemical shift and effective charge in the X-ray absorption edge shifts.

A new relation, ΔE = ae, between the chemical shift ΔE and effective charge 'q' is proposed. It has been shown that the relation generates polynomial relations, between ΔE and 'q' used by earlier investigators and addresses their short-comings effectively. Further, four possible sign combinations of 'q' and ΔE are accounted for using the proposed equation.

-Hexafluoroisopropanol phenyl functionalized graphene for QCM based detection of dimethyl methylphosphonate, a simulant of the nerve agent sarin.

The detection of DMMP (dimethyl methylphosphonate, a simulant of nerve agent sarin) was performed by using -hexafluoroisopropanol phenyl (HFIPP) functionalized graphene (GR) hydrogen bond interactions. For this, the HFIPP moiety was covalently functionalized on the surface of GR by a diazo reaction. The HFIPP-GR film-modified QCM electrodes were fabricated and their sensing characteristics towards DMMP were investigated.

Mechanical characterization of municipal solid waste from two waste dumps at Delhi, India.

The article presents the physical and mechanical properties of the emplaced municipal solid waste (MSW) recovered from different locations of the Ghazipur and Okhla dumps both located at Delhi, India. Mechanical compressibility and shear strength of the collected MSW were evaluated using a 300×300mm direct shear (DS) shear box. Compression ratio (C') of MSW at these two dumps varied between 0.

Study of stress-strain and volume change behavior of emplaced municipal solid waste using large-scale triaxial testing.

The article presents the stress-strain and volume change behavior, shear strength and stiffness parameters of landfilled municipal solid waste (MSW) collected from two dump sites located in Delhi, India. Over 30 drained triaxial compression (TXC) tests were conducted on reconstituted large-scale specimens of 150mm diameter to study the influence of fiber content, age, density and confining pressure on the shear strength of MSW. In addition, a few TXC tests were also conducted on 70mm diameter specimen to examine the effect of specimen size on the mobilized shear strength.

Perspectives on State-of-the-Art Carbon Nanotube/Polyaniline and Graphene/Polyaniline Composites for Hybrid Supercapacitor Electrodes.

Supercapacitors are attractive alternative energy storage sources. They offer high energy/power density with other characteristics like fast discharge/charge time, long operation stability, safety etc. In a supercapacitor, working electrode material is the principal constituent.

Electrochemically Active Polyaniline (PANi) Coated Carbon Nanopipes and PANi Nanofibers Containing Composite.

A composite constituted by carbon nanopipes (CNPs) and polyaniline nanofibers (PANi NFs) is synthesized using in-situ chemical oxidative polymerization. Owing to its electrochemical activity the composite is found to be suitable as a working electrode material in hybrid type supercapacitors. Microstructural and phase analyses of the composite showed that (i) CNP surfaces are coated with PANi and (ii) PANi coated CNPs are distributed among PANi NFs.

Carbon- and Polyaniline Nanofibers Containing Composite Electrode Material for Supercapacitors.

Rapid mixing chemical oxidative polymerization method is used to synthesize carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and polyaniline nanofibers (PANI NF) containing composite. Morphological, structural and phase analyses reveal that the composite is constituted by PANI coated CNFs and PANI NF. The intrinsic defects on the CNFs' surfaces allowed the nucleation and growth of PANI on them.

Treatment of uncomplicated symptomatic urinary tract infections: Resistance patterns and misuse of antibiotics.

Introduction: Uncomplicated but symptomatic urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common problem seen in practice. The study was undertaken to assess the most common pathogens responsible for uncomplicated symptomatic UTIs and the antimicrobial resistance pattern in a hospital in Bangalore. The study also explores the issue of antibiotic usage for these patients.

Strengthening malaria service delivery through supportive supervision and community mobilization in an endemic Indian setting: an evaluation of nested delivery models.

Background: Malaria continues to be a prominent global public health challenge. This study tested the effectiveness of two service delivery models for reducing the malaria burden, e.g.