Objectives: Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is recognized as a significant cause of acute respiratory infections among infants under 5 years of age.
Methods: Nasal swabs collected from January 2021 to June 2024 were screened to detect hMPV using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, representative positive samples were sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis.
Background And Objectives: Nanosilver sodium fluoride (NSF) has recently gained popularity in dentistry as an alternative to silver diamine fluoride (SDF) due to its drawbacks of staining the tooth black and possibly causing soft tissue injury, which has been eliminated in NSF due to the nanoparticle size of silver. This study aims to assess the microtensile bond strength of glass ionomer cement (GIC) and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) with pretreatment of NSF on extracted primary carious teeth.
Materials And Methods: Teeth were stored in 10% formalin.
Respiratory syncytial virus is a major causative agent of lower respiratory tract infection in children, especially infants with substantial morbidity and mortality implications. The virus undergoes continuous evolution documented by accumulation of mutations in the glycoprotein gene necessitating vigilant surveillance to provide essential data to epidemiologists and researchers involved in development of vaccines. This study was aimed to perform molecular characterization of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) among children ≤ 5 years admitted in hospital.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBasic epidemiological data is urgently needed in order to ascertain the changes brought about by COVID-19 pandemic, and help researchers, clinicians, and policy makers in addressing these issues. Data on influenza positivity from 2009 to 2019 was collected from Regional Influenza laboratory, JIPMER. Being COVID testing centre we tested samples (2020-2023) from Tamilnadu and Pondicherry.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: The transcriptional response in the liver during HCV infection is critical for determining clinical outcomes. This issue remains relatively unexplored as tissue access to address this at scale is usually limited. We aimed to profile the transcriptomics of HCV-infected livers to describe the expression networks involved and assess the effect on them of major predictors of clinical outcome such as IFNL4 (interferon lambda 4) host genotype and sex.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNewcastle disease virus (NDV) strain R2B, with an altered fusion protein cleavage site, was used as a viral vector to deliver the immunogenic genes VP2 and VP1 of chicken infectious anaemia virus (CIAV) to generate a bivalent vaccine candidate against these diseases in chickens. The immunogenic genes of CIAV were expressed as a single transcriptional unit from the NDV backbone and the two CIA viral proteins were obtained as separate entities using a self-cleaving foot-and-mouth disease virus 2A protease sequence between them. The recombinant virus (rR2B-FPCS-CAV) had similar growth kinetics as that of the parent recombinant virus (rR2B-FPCS) in vitro with similar pathogenicity characteristics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPCV2 is the primary etiological agent of porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVADs) which affect pigs worldwide. Currently, there is a worldwide genotype prevalence switch from PCV2b to PCV2d, which has led to increased virulence of the circulating virus strains leading to vaccine failures and selection pressure. In the present study, the PCV2 genotypes circulating in north eastern region (NER) of India particularly the states of Assam and Arunachal Pradesh was characterized by isolation, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of gene.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRecombinant Newcastle disease virus vectors have gained a lot of interest for its oncolytic virus therapy and cancer immune therapeutic properties due to its selective replication to high titers in cancer cells. The aim of this study was to find out the oncolytic effects of mesogenic recombinant NDV strain R2B-GFP on murine mammary tumor cell line 4T1 and murine melanoma cell line B16-F10. The anti-tumor effects of R2B-GFP virus were studied via expression of virus transgene GFP in cancer cells, evaluating its cytotoxicity and cell migration efficacies by MTT and wound healing assays respectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: To retrospectively assess the technical feasibility, safety, and oncologic outcomes of percutaneous image-guided cryoablation (PCA) of locoregional and distant lymph node metastases (LNMs).
Methods: All consecutive patients undergoing PCA of LNMs between February 2009 and December 2019 were identified using a retrospective database search. Every patient was followed up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment using contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and at approximately 3-6-month intervals using computed tomography or positron emission tomography-computed tomography.
Identification of protective T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 requires distinguishing people infected with SARS-CoV-2 from those with cross-reactive immunity to other coronaviruses. Here we show a range of T cell assays that differentially capture immune function to characterise SARS-CoV-2 responses. Strong ex vivo ELISpot and proliferation responses to multiple antigens (including M, NP and ORF3) are found in 168 PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infected volunteers, but are rare in 119 uninfected volunteers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackgroundThe progression and geographical distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the United Kingdom (UK) and elsewhere is unknown because typically only symptomatic individuals are diagnosed. We performed a serological study of blood donors in Scotland in the spring of 2020 to detect neutralising antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 as a marker of past infection and epidemic progression.AimOur objective was to determine if sera from blood bank donors can be used to track the emergence and progression of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRabies is a devastating disease affecting almost all mammalian animal species including humans. Vaccines are available to combat the disease. Protection against the disease is rendered by assessing the humoral immune response.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground & Aims: Iron reduction by venesection has been the cornerstone of treatment for haemochromatosis for decades, and its reported health benefits are many. Repeated phlebotomy can lead to a compensatory increase in intestinal iron absorption, reducing intestinal iron availability. Given that most gut bacteria are highly dependent on iron for survival, we postulated that, by reducing gut iron levels, venesection could alter the gut microbiota.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: To retrospectively evaluate diagnostic accuracy and complications of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided biopsy of radiologically indeterminate solid renal masses (RM).
Methods: Electronic records of all consecutive patients undergoing MRI-guided biopsy of solid RM (using free-breathing T2-BLADE and BEAT-IRTTT sequences) between April 2014 and October 2018 were reviewed; 101 patients (69 men, 32 women; median age 68 years; range 32-76) were included. Patient and RM characteristics, procedural details/complications, pathologic diagnosis, and clinical management were recorded.
Background: Diagnostic tests, including US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved tests and laboratory-developed tests, are frequently used to guide care for patients with cancer, and, recently, have been the subject of several policy discussions and insurance coverage determinations. As the use of diagnostic testing has evolved, stakeholders have raised questions about the lack of standardized test performance metrics and the risk this poses to patients.
Objectives: To describe the use of diagnostic testing for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), to analyze the utilization of FDA-approved versus laboratory-developed diagnostic tests, and to evaluate the impact of existing regulatory and coverage frameworks on diagnostic test ordering and physician treatment decision-making for patients with advanced NSCLC.
Objective: To report the technique of hydrodissection of the sub-diaphragmatic bare area of the liver, in order to protect the diaphragm/heart during percutaneous thermal ablation (PTA) of sub-cardiac hepatic tumours.
Materials And Methods: Between January 2016 and December 2018, five patients (four female, one male; mean age 56.2 years) with five sub-cardiac liver tumours (two hepatocellular carcinoma, three metastases; mean size 39 mm) abutting the bare area (segments II/IVA) with expected ablation zones ≤ 5 mm from the myocardium were treated with PTA and adjunctive hydrodissection.
Newcastle disease (ND) and avian reovirus (ARV) infections are a serious threat to the poultry industry, which causes heavy economic losses. The mesogenic NDV strain R2B is commonly used as a booster vaccine in many Asian countries to control the disease. In this seminal work, a recombinant NDV strain R2B expressing the sigma C (σC) gene of ARV (rNDV-R2B-σC) was generated by reverse genetics, characterized in vitro and tested as a bivalent vaccine candidate in chickens.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInfectious bursal disease (IBD), also known as Gumboro disease, is a highly contagious, immunosuppressive disease of young chickens. Although first observed about 60 years ago, to date, the disease is responsible for major economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. IBD virus (IBDV), a double-stranded RNA virus, exists as two serotypes with only serotype 1 causing the disease in young chickens.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: To evaluate patient radiation dose and procedural duration recorded during pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM) embolisation performed using high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) as compared with conventional intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) METHODS: Patients undergoing PAVM embolisation with HFJV assistance after April 2017 were retrospectively identified as group A, and those treated with IPPV before April 2017 as group B. Primary outcomes were patient radiation dose and procedural duration between groups A and B. Secondary outcomes were difference in diaphragmatic excursion between groups A and B, in group A with/without HFJ assistance, technical/clinical success, and complications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: To assess technical feasibility, accuracy, safety and patient radiation exposure of a novel navigational tool integrating augmented reality (AR) and artificial intelligence (AI), during percutaneous vertebroplasty of patients with vertebral compression fractures (VCFs).
Material And Methods: This prospective parallel randomised open trial compared the trans-pedicular access phase of percutaneous vertebroplasty across two groups of 10 patients, electronically randomised, with symptomatic single-level VCFs. Trocar insertion was performed using AR/AI-guidance with motion compensation in Group A, and standard fluoroscopy in Group B.
The low potency of genetic immunization has to date impeded development of commercial vaccines against major infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a fusion gene-based DNA prime-protein boost vaccination strategy to improve the efficacy of both DNA and subunit vaccines against Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The fusion (F) protein, a viral surface glycoprotein, is responsible for the cell membrane fusion and spread, also is one of the major targets for immune response.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: To evaluate the effectiveness of percutaneous image-guided vertebral body stenting (VBS) at restoring vertebral height in acute, stable, traumatic thoracolumbar fractures in a young, non-osteoporotic population.
Materials And Methods: A single-centre retrospective review of all traumatic non-osteoporotic fractures treated with VBS between 2010 and 2017 was performed. Inclusion criteria included patients with recent (< 10 days), symptomatic and stable thoracolumbar compression fractures.
Objective: To report the technique of hydrodissection of the gallbladder bed, in order to separate the gallbladder wall from the liver surface during microwave ablation of liver malignancies located in segment V.
Materials And Methods: Between January 2018 and March 2018, percutaneous hydrodissection of the gallbladder fossa was performed during four microwave ablation procedures in three patients (One patient was treated twice for the same lesion, making a total of four procedures for three lesions.) All treated lesions were located in segment V and abutting the gallbladder.