Reward history guides focal attention in whisker somatosensory cortex.

Prior reward is a potent cue for attentional capture, but the underlying neurobiology is largely unknown. In a novel whisker touch detection task, we show that mice flexibly shift attention between specific whiskers on a trial-by-trial timescale, guided by the recent history of stimulus-reward association. Two-photon calcium imaging and spike recordings revealed a robust neurobiological correlate of attention in the somatosensory cortex (S1), boosting sensory responses to the attended whisker in L2/3 and L5, but not L4.

Smart Devices in Optometry: Current and Future Perspectives to Clinical Optometry.

There is a huge unmet need for eye care with more than a hundred million people living without basic eye care services and facilities. There is an exigency to deploy adequate resources in terms of manpower and equipment to address this. The usage of smart devices in optometry and eye care practice has been gaining momentum for last half a decade, due to the COVID-19 pandemic and technological advancements in telemedicine.

Prevention starts here: effectiveness of substance abuse prevention module among adolescent students in Bengaluru - a quasi experimental study.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured educational module on substance abuse prevention program among adolescents in enhancing their knowledge against substance abuse.

Methods: A quasi-experimental design was employed involving 120 students (mean age: 14.3±1.

Machine learning and bioinformatic analyses link the cell surface receptor transcript levels to the drug response of breast cancer cells and drug off-target effects.

Breast cancer responds variably to anticancer therapies, often leading to significant off-target effects. This study proposes that the variability in tumour responses and drug-induced adverse events is linked to the transcriptional profiles of cell surface receptors (CSRs) in breast tumours and normal tissues. We analysed multiple datasets to compare CSR expression in breast tumours with that in non-cancerous human tissues.

Accommodative Facility and Response Time before and after Computer Task of Varying Durations in Young Adults.

Aim: To investigate the changes in near accommodative facility and response time in young adults following computer work of 30 minutes and 1 hour in duration.

Methods: A total of 50 young adults (37 females, 13 males) with mean age of 20.68 ± 1.

Associations between Accommodative Facility, Age, and Refractive Errors in Early, Older Adolescent Myopes and Emmetropes.

Background: Accommodative functions are known to differ between myopes and emmetropes. It is not known whether accommodative facility differs at near between younger adolescent and older adolescent myopes and emmetropes.

Aim: To examine whether accommodative facility differs at near between younger and older adolescent myopes and emmetropes.

Development of smart spectacles to monitor and modify myopia-related health behaviour in children.

Purpose: To develop a wearable, spectacle-mounted, sensor-based device to monitor and modify myopia risk factors in children, namely near-working distance, light levels and spectral composition.

Methods: A wearable, spectacle-mounted device has been developed, which consists of inbuilt sensors, namely: (i) light sensor to detect ambient light intensity; (ii) proximity sensor to measure near-work distance; (iii) microspectrograph to measure spectral power for six visible channels, namely red, green, blue, yellow, orange and violet and (iv) a global positioning system tracker to track the location and the device. The sensors were programmed by Arduino Nano, and the circuit was fixed onto a printed circuit board fitted onto a spectacle frame for pilot testing.

Eco-friendly approach for tannery effluent treatment and CO sequestration using unicellular green oleaginous microalga Tetradesmus obliquus TS03.

The present study explored the process of bioremediation, sequestration of carbon dioxide, and biofuel production using multifarious potent freshwater microalgae Tetradesmus obliquus TS03. The heavy metals were reduced, viz., 8.

Click Chemistry-Generated Auristatin F-Linker-Benzylguanine for a SNAP-Tag-Based Recombinant Antibody-Drug Conjugate Demonstrating Selective Cytotoxicity toward EGFR-Overexpressing Tumor Cells.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are bifunctional molecules combining the targeting potential of monoclonal antibodies with the cancer-killing ability of cytotoxic drugs. This simple yet intelligently designed system directly addresses the lack of specificity encountered with conventional anti-cancer treatment regimes. However, despite their initial success, the generation of clinically sustainable and effective ADCs has been plagued by poor tumor penetration, undefined chemical linkages, unpredictable pharmacokinetic profiles, and heterogeneous mixtures of products.

Clinical Outcomes After Bilateral Implantation of a Diffractive Trifocal Intraocular Lens: A Worldwide Pooled Analysis of Prospective Clinical Investigations.

Purpose: To investigate visual and safety outcomes of AcrySof IQ PanOptix (model TFNT00), a trifocal, presbyopia-correcting intraocular lens (IOL), in patients of different ethnicities across multiple countries, based on a pooled analysis of six prospective multicenter studies.

Patients And Methods: This pooled analysis included adult patients from six prospective clinical studies performed across 56 centers worldwide. After cataract removal by phacoemulsification, all patients were implanted with TFNT00; follow-up duration varied from 3 to 12 months according to the studies' design.

Twelve-Months Follow-Up Postmarket Study of a Hydrophobic Intraocular Lens Using a Preloaded Automated Injector in an Indian Population.

Purpose: To assess real-world clinical outcomes and safety of the Clareon intraocular lens (IOL) and AutonoMe automated preloaded delivery system in an Indian population.

Patients And Methods: This was a prospective, single-arm, multicenter, 12-month clinical study in patients aged ≥20 years with unilateral or bilateral cataracts. Surgery was performed by phacoemulsification followed by implantation of the Clareon monofocal IOL (CNA0T0).

In Vivo Imaging of Retinal and Choroidal Morphology and Vascular Plexuses of Vertebrates Using Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography.

Purpose: To perform in vivo evaluation of the structural morphology and vascular plexuses of the neurosensory retina and choroid across vertebrate species using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and SS-OCT angiography (SS-OCTA) imaging.

Methods: A custom-built SS-OCT system with an incorporated flexible imaging arm was used to acquire the three-dimensional (3D) retinal OCT and vascular OCTA data of five different vertebrates: a mouse (C57BL/6J), a rat (Long Evans), a gray short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica), a white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus), and a great horned owl (Bubo virginianus).

Results: In vivo structural morphology of the retina and choroid, as well as en face OCTA images of retinal and choroidal vasculature of all species were generated.

Integrating eco-technological approach for textile dye effluent treatment and carbon dioxide capturing from unicellular microalga RDS03: a synergistic method.

A pilot-scale treatment method was used in the present study to test the biosorption of textile dye from textile effluent and carbon dioxide using RDS03. The textile dye effluent treatment achieved that textile dye biosorption capacity (q) rate of 98.84% on 15 days of treatment using RDS03.

A Preliminary Study on the Outcome of Plication Augmentation of the Augmented Anderson Procedure for Patients with Infantile Nystagmus Syndrome and a Face Turn.

Purpose: To report the results of plication augmentation of the augmented Anderson procedure in patients with infantile nystagmus syndrome and face turn.

Methods: In this retrospective study, all patients who underwent plication augmentation of the augmented Anderson procedure between August 2015 and November 2018 were included. Our study included patients older than 6 years with a face turn >25°.

Metal biosorption by magnetotactic bacteria isolated from fresh water sediments and characterization of extracted magnetosomes.

The focus of the present study is to isolate and identify magnetotactic bacteria from fresh water sediments in Salem region, Tamil Nadu. Fresh water sediments were collected and characterized by X-ray diffraction to detect the crystalline nature of particles. Totally 12 isolates were screened for the metal biosorption efficiency in modified nutrient agar plates with 10 mg (lower concentration) of four different metals viz.

Clinical Outcomes After Bilateral Implantation of a Trifocal Presbyopia-Correcting Intraocular Lens in an Indian Population.

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a presbyopia-correcting trifocal intraocular lens (IOL), AcrySof IQ PanOptix (TFNT00), in an Indian population.

Patients And Methods: This prospective, multicenter, observational, single-arm, post-marketing study included 67 patients undergoing cataract surgery with bilateral implantation of TFNT00 across five Indian sites. Postoperative outcomes were assessed at 3 months after second eye surgery.

Recent advances in immunotherapies against infectious diseases.

Immunotherapies are disease management strategies that target or manipulate components of the immune system. Infectious diseases pose a significant threat to human health as evidenced by countries continuing to grapple with several emerging and re-emerging diseases, the most recent global health threat being the SARS-CoV2 pandemic. As such, various immunotherapeutic approaches are increasingly being investigated as alternative therapies for infectious diseases, resulting in significant advances towards the uncovering of pathogen-host immunity interactions.

Post-translational Modifications of Fumarase Regulate its Enzyme Activity and Function in Respiration and the DNA Damage Response.

The Krebs cycle enzyme fumarase is a dual-targeted protein that is located in the mitochondria and cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. Besides being involved in the TCA cycle and primary metabolism, fumarase is a tumour suppressor that aids DNA repair in human cells. Using mass spectrometry, we identified modifications in peptides of cytosolic yeast fumarase, some of which were absent when the cells were exposed to DNA damage (using the homing endonuclease system or hydroxyurea).

Antibody-Based Targeted Interventions for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Skin Cancers.

Background: Cutaneous malignancies most commonly arise from skin epidermal cells. These cancers may rapidly progress from benign to a metastatic phase. Surgical resection represents the gold standard therapeutic treatment of non-metastatic skin cancer while chemo- and/or radiotherapy are often used against metastatic tumors.

Pilot scale wastewater treatment, CO sequestration and lipid production using microalga, RDS02.

In present investigation carried out large-scale treatment of tannery effluent by the cultivation of microalgae, RDS02. The tannery effluent treatment revealed that significant reduction heavy metals were chromium-3.59, lead-2.

Profile of infectious and sterile keratitis after accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking for keratoconus.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the potential risk factors and causes of infectious and sterile keratitis after accelerated collagen cross-linking.

Methods: Case records of 968 eyes that underwent accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking (ACXL) over the period of 4 years were reviewed retrospectively. ACXL was done using (Avedro KXL system, Waltham, MA, USA) 9 mW/cm for 10 min protocol providing total energy of 5.

Age-related changes in sound onset and offset intensity coding in auditory cortical fields A1 and CL of rhesus macaques.

Inhibition plays a key role in shaping sensory processing in the central auditory system and has been implicated in sculpting receptive field properties such as sound intensity coding and also in shaping temporal patterns of neuronal firing such as onset- or offset-evoked responses. There is substantial evidence supporting a decrease in inhibition throughout the ascending auditory pathway in geriatric animals. We therefore examined intensity coding of onset (ON) and offset (OFF) responses in auditory cortex of aged and young monkeys.

Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty outcomes in macular and granular corneal dystrophy - A comparative cross-sectional study.

Purpose: To compare the functional and anatomical outcomes (in terms of graft uptake and rejection/failure) of deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) in stromal corneal dystrophy (macular and granular).

Methods: Sixteen eyes with macular corneal dystrophy (MCD; group A) and 10 eyes with granular corneal dystrophy (GCD; group B) underwent successful DALK by big bubble technique or layer-by-layer dissection.

Results: Both groups showed significant improvement in their best-corrected visual acuity postoperatively (postoperative P value in MCD and GCD was 0.