BING, a novel antimicrobial peptide isolated from Japanese medaka plasma, targets bacterial envelope stress response by suppressing cpxR expression.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have emerged as a promising alternative to small molecule antibiotics. Although AMPs have previously been isolated in many organisms, efforts on the systematic identification of AMPs in fish have been lagging. Here, we collected peptides from the plasma of medaka (Oryzias latipes) fish.

Belinostat resolves skin barrier defects in atopic dermatitis by targeting the dysregulated miR-335:SOX6 axis.

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease. Skin barrier defects contribute to disease initiation and development; however, underlying mechanisms remain elusive.

Objective: To understand the underlying cause of barrier defect, we investigated aberrant expression of specific microRNAs (miRNAs) in AD.

Estrogen accelerates heart regeneration by promoting the inflammatory response in zebrafish.

Sexual differences have been observed in the onset and prognosis of human cardiovascular diseases, but the underlying mechanisms are not clear. Here, we found that zebrafish heart regeneration is faster in females, can be accelerated by estrogen and is suppressed by the estrogen-antagonist tamoxifen. Injuries to the zebrafish heart, but not other tissues, increased plasma estrogen levels and the expression of estrogen receptors, especially esr2a.

In Vitro Expansion of Keratinocytes on Human Dermal Fibroblast-Derived Matrix Retains Their Stem-Like Characteristics.

The long-term expansion of keratinocytes under conditions that avoid xenogeneic components (i.e. animal serum- and feeder cell-free) generally causes diminished proliferation and increased terminal differentiation.

Localization of α 2u-globulin in the acinar cells of preputial gland, and confirmation of its binding with farnesol, a putative pheromone, in field rat (Millardia meltada).

Pheromones, low molecular weight chemical entities that bind to pheromone carrier proteins, are chemical signals that play an important role in the communication system in animals. This has been rather fairly well-studied in the rodents. The preputial gland, a rich source of pheromones in many rodents, contains a low molecular mass protein (18-20 kDa) that acts as one such pheromone carrier.

C/EBPβ mediates RNA polymerase III-driven transcription of oncomiR-138 in malignant gliomas.

MicroRNA-138 (miR-138) is a pro-survival oncomiR for glioma stem cells. In malignant gliomas, dysregulated expression of microRNAs, such as miR-138, promotes Tumour initiation and progression. Here, we identify the ancillary role of the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) as a transcriptional activator of miR-138.

EGF hijacks miR-198/FSTL1 wound-healing switch and steers a two-pronged pathway toward metastasis.

Epithelial carcinomas are well known to activate a prolonged wound-healing program that promotes malignant transformation. Wound closure requires the activation of keratinocyte migration via a dual-state molecular switch. This switch involves production of either the anti-migratory microRNA miR-198 or the pro-migratory follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) protein from a single transcript; miR-198 expression in healthy skin is down-regulated in favor of FSTL1 upon wounding, which enhances keratinocyte migration and promotes re-epithelialization.

Proteomic characterization of the interactions between fish serum proteins and waterborne bacteria reveals the suppression of anti-oxidative defense as a serum-mediated antimicrobial mechanism.

Fish blood is one of the crucial tissues of innate immune system, but the full repertoire of fish serum components involved in antibacterial defense is not fully identified. In this study, we demonstrated that turbot serum, but not the heat-inactivated control, significantly reduced the number of Edwardsiella tarda (E. tarda).

Proteomic Analysis of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived, Fetal, and Adult Ventricular Cardiomyocytes Reveals Pathways Crucial for Cardiac Metabolism and Maturation.

Background: Differentiation of pluripotent human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to the cardiac lineage represents a potentially unlimited source of ventricular cardiomyocytes (VCMs), but hESC-VCMs are developmentally immature. Previous attempts to profile hESC-VCMs primarily relied on transcriptomic approaches, but the global proteome has not been examined. Furthermore, most hESC-CM studies focus on pathways important for cardiac differentiation, rather than regulatory mechanisms for CM maturation.

Exploration of salivary proteins in buffalo: an approach to find marker proteins for estrus.

Saliva is considered as the best source of biological material for biomarker discovery studies since it is noninvasive in comparison to other body sources. Usually buffalo cannot precisely express estrus signals. Hence, there is a need for concise methods to detect the time of estrus to ensure the success of artificial insemination.

Evaluating the binding efficiency of pheromone binding protein with its natural ligand using molecular docking and fluorescence analysis.

Chemosignals play a crucial role in social and sexual communication among inter- and intra-species. Chemical cues are bound with protein that is present in the pheromones irrespective of sex are commonly called as pheromone binding protein (PBP). In rats, the pheromone compounds are bound with low molecular lipocalin protein α2u-globulin (α2u).

Buffalo cervico-vaginal fluid proteomics with special reference to estrous cycle: heat shock protein (HSP)-70 appears to be an estrus indicator.

Cervico-vaginal fluid (CVF) plays significant roles in coitus, sperm transport, and implantation. It is believed to be a good noninvasive biomarker for various diagnostic purposes. In this study, a comprehensive proteomic analysis of buffalo CVF was performed during the estrous cycle in order to document the protein expressions, utilizing SDS-PAGE, mass spectrometry, and immunoblot.

"Stainomics": identification of mitotracker labeled proteins in mammalian cells.

Organelle-specific cell-permeable fluorescent dyes are invaluable tools in cell biology as they reveal intracellular dynamics in living cells. Mitrotracker is a family of dyes that strongly label the mitochondrion, a key organelle associated with many crucial cellular functions. Despite the popularity of these dyes, little is known about the molecular mechanism behind their staining specificity.

Novel blood collection method allows plasma proteome analysis from single zebrafish.

Zebrafish is an important model organism in biological research. One of the least explored tissues of zebrafish is blood, because the existing methods for isolating blood from this organism are tedious and irreproducible. The small volume of blood collected by these methods also prohibits many biochemical and cytological analyses.

Novel nucleolar isolation method reveals rapid response of human nucleolar proteomes to serum stimulation.

The nucleolus is the location of ribosomal biogenesis, and plays crucial regulatory roles in nuclear responses to stress. Here, we report a new and improved nucleolar isolation method, which is simpler and more efficient than the traditional method. The purity of nucleoli obtained by using the new protocol is comparable to that by using the classical method, as judged by electron microscopy, Western blotting and SILAC-based quantitative proteomics.

Characterization of carbon nanotube protein corona by using quantitative proteomics.

Unlabelled: The protein corona of a nanomaterial is a complex layer of proteins spontaneously and stably formed when the material is exposed to body fluids or intracellular environments. In this study, we utilised stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC)-based quantitative proteomics to characterise the binding of human cellular proteins to two forms of carbon nanoparticles: namely multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and carbon black (CB). The relative binding efficiency of over 750 proteins to these materials is measured.

Upregulation of the β-form of 14-3-3 protein in telencephalon of goldfish (Carassius auratus): its possible role in spatial learning.

In the present study, we observed variations in the expression pattern of proteins isolated from the telencephalon of goldfish (Carassius auratus). The expression of a 28 kDa protein was elevated in the individuals trained in a spatial task when compared with the untrained individuals. The ∼28 kDa protein was analyzed using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry; further, the data were analyzed using the MASCOT search engine.

Primary structural documentation of the major urinary protein of the Indian commensal rat (Rattus rattus) using a proteomic platform.

Purpose: A number of proteome studies have been performed recently to identify pheromone-related protein expression and their molecular function using genetically modified rodents' urine. However, no such studies have used Indian commensal rodents; interestingly, in a previous investigation, we confirmed the presence of volatile molecules in commensal rodents urine and these molecules seem to be actively involved in pheromonal communication. Therefore, the present study aims to identify the major urinary protein [MUP] present in commensal rat urine, which will help us to understand the protein's expression pattern and intrinsic properties among the rodents globally.