Effect of 0.5% povidone-iodine on the nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal viral loads in patients with COVID-19: A double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial.

Background And Objective: The povidone-iodine (PvP-I) nasal antiseptic has been shown to completely inactivate the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) at variable concentrations. This study was performed to investigate the effect of 0.5% PvP-I nasal drops and oral gargles on the nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal viral loads in SARS-CoV-2-positive patients.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 as a potential therapeutic target for COVID-19: A review.

As of August 16, 2021, there have been 207,173,086 confirmed cases and 4,361,996 deaths due to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), and the pandemic remains a global challenge. To date, no effective and approved drugs are available for the treatment of COVID-19. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) plays a crucial role in the invasion into host cells by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of COVID-19.

Pregnancy outcomes and vertical transmission capability of SARS-CoV-2 infection among asymptomatic females: A cross-sectional study in a tertiary care rural hospital.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is still spreading throughout the world along with its strange and frightening mutations, and the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared it as a global pandemic.

Objective: The present investigation aims to evaluate the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on mother and newborn outcomes and the vertical transmission potential of this virus.

Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary care dedicated COVID-19 hospital.

An Update on Assessment, Therapeutic Management, and Patents on Insomnia.

Insomnia is an ordinary situation related to noticeable disability in function and quality of life, mental and actual sickness, and mishappenings. It represents more than 5.5 million appointments to family doctors every year.

Evaluation of Cognitive Functions in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients Using Mini Mental State Examination and Clock Drawing Test.

Background: Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are the leading cause of morbidity, mortality, disability, and socioeconomic losses globally, but of more concern, in India and other developing countries. The Mini mental state examination (MMSE) and clock drawing test (CDT) are the two mostly adapted methods for cognitive impairment screening. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a robust evaluation system exclusively for post-TBI cognitive impairment.

Epidemiological characteristics, reinfection possibilities and vaccine development of SARS CoV2: A global review.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there are 37,704,153 cases and 10,79,029 deaths due to COVID-19 till the 13th October 2020 in the world. Day by day, rise in the number of COVID-19 deaths has created great pressure on health facilities, governmental bodies, and health workers. There is a need for knowledge regarding lifecycle, transmission, and different strains of SARSCoV2, so that countries can stop the disease as early as possible.

Systemic review of CNS involvement and its manifestations in SARS-CoV2 positive patients.

Coronavirus is known to cause various systemic infections both in human and animal which are mostly mild in nature. However, recent years have seen major pandemics caused by coronavirus which are very invasive and virulent in nature. The recent SARS-CoV2 is a new addition to this list of coronavirus pandemics.

Caspase-3: A primary target for natural and synthetic compounds for cancer therapy.

Caspases, a group of protease enzymes (cysteine proteases), exist as inactive zymogens in the cells and execute apoptosis (programmed cell death). Caspase-3, an executioner caspase, plays an imperative role in apoptosis and becomes a primary target for cancer treatment. A number of analogues of quinazoline, quinazolinone, indoloquinazolines, quinone, naphthoquinones, pyrroloiminoquinones, styrylquinolines, tetheredtetrahydroquinoline, fluoroquinolone, thiosemicarbazones, benzotriazole, pyrimidines, chalcone, and carbazoles have been reported till date, representing caspase-3 mediated apoptosis for cancer therapy.

Assessment of Depression, Anxiety, and Sleep Disturbance in COVID-19 Patients at Tertiary Care Center of North India.

 The novel Coronavirus pandemic surfaced in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and spread rapidly across the globe. In recent available literature, most of the studies were done to estimate the burden of psychiatric problems among general population due to this pandemic, Therefore, this study was planned to assess depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance among Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients.  A hospital-based, cross-sectional study was done from June 2020 to August 2020 among 100 COVID-19 patients who were admitted and fulfilled the inclusion criteria.

Neurological Involvement in COVID-19 Patients: A Narrative Review.

 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) belonging to the coronavirus family. The primary target of SARS-CoV-2 is peripheral mucosal cells of respiratory tract. Recent days have seen few cases where virus has affected extrapulmonary organ such as nervous system.

Ivermectin: Potential Role as Repurposed Drug for COVID-19.

Severe acute respiratory illness caused by 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), officially named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in late December 2019 is an extremely communicable disease. World Health Organization (WHO) declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic as it has spread to at least 200 countries in a short span of time. Being a new disease there is lack of information about pathogenesis and proliferation pathways of this new coronavirus.

Laboratory diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 - A review of current methods.

At present the whole world is facing pandemic of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19); caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This disease has rapidly spreads across the world from its origin of Wuhan, China and affected millions people worldwide and make them to remain in their homes. The knowledge of available laboratory methods is essential for early and correct diagnosis of COVID-19 to identify new cases as well as monitoring treatment of confirmed cases.

Comparison between Erigo tilt-table exercise and conventional physiotherapy exercises in acute stroke patients: a randomized trial.

Background: Stroke is a common, serious, and disabling health-care problem throughout the world. Although great advances have been made in acute stroke management, the most of post-stroke care to reduce a patient's dependency relies on rehabilitation.

Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of exercises using an Erigo tilt-table and conventional physiotherapy in the rehabilitation of acute stroke patients.

Perturbation of muscle metabolism in patients with muscular dystrophy in early or acute phase of disease: In vitro, high resolution NMR spectroscopy based analysis.

Background: Muscular dystrophy is an inherited muscle disease, characterized by progressive muscle wasting and weakness of variable distribution and severity.

Methods: In vitro, high-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy based analysis was performed on perchloric acid (PCA) extract of muscle specimens of patients suffering from various types of muscular dystrophies to identify alteration in hydrophilic low-molecular weight substances (aqueous metabolites) as compared to muscle of control subjects as well as in between the types of muscular dystrophy. Muscle tissue specimens were obtained from Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) [n=11], Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) [n=12], facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD) [n=9] and limb girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD)-2B [n=22].

Abnormal lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle tissue of patients with muscular dystrophy: In vitro, high-resolution NMR spectroscopy based observation in early phase of the disease.

Purpose: Qualitative (assignment of lipid components) and quantitative (quantification of lipid components) analysis of lipid components were performed in skeletal muscle tissue of patients with muscular dystrophy in early phase of the disease as compared to control/normal subjects.

Methods: Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy based experiment was performed on the lipid extract of skeletal muscle tissue of patients with muscular dystrophy in early phase of the disease and normal individuals for the analysis of lipid components [triglycerides, phospholipids, total cholesterol and unsaturated fatty acids (arachidonic, linolenic and linoleic acid)]. Specimens of muscle tissue were obtained from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) [n=11; Age, Mean±SD; 9.

Comparison of Antigen Detection and Nested PCR in CSF Samples of HIV Positive and Negative Patients with Suspected Cryptococcal Meningitis in a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Introduction: The cases of cryptococcal meningitis and other forms of cryptococcosis have increased in recent time and the present scenario of the condition with significant morbidity and mortality is actually posing a serious threat to the community, so an early and prompt diagnosis is necessary to prevent serious complications and thus improving the overall disease outcome.

Aim: Comparison of diagnostic efficacy of nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with Latex Agglutination Test (LAT) in the Cerebro Spinal Fluid (CSF) samples of the cases of meningitis in HIV positive and negative cases.

Materials And Methods: We have compared the diagnostic efficacy of Latex Agglutination Test (LAT) with nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in 200 Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) samples, including 14 HIV positive also, in the cases of suspected cryptococcal meningitis.

Isolated lingual dystonia : responding to anticholinergic treatment.

We report a 42 year-old woman with 6 month history of isolated lingual dystonia induced during speaking and was treated with anticholinergic drug. She experienced a marked improvement in her abnormal tongue movements. Primary lingual dystonia is a rare presentation.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage following chronic dural venous sinus thrombosis.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in older individuals is most often due to aneurysmal rupture. Other vascular lesions are known to rarely cause SAH. In this article, we report a case of chronic dural sinus thrombosis with recurrent SAH, most probably due to raised venous pressure in draining venous tributaries.

Focal myelomalacia and syrinx formation after accidental intramedullary lidocaine injection during lumbar anesthesia: a report of 3 cases.

Three cases of focal myelomalacia and syrinx formation occurring as complications of lumbar spinal anesthesia are reported. In all three instances complication occurred due to accidental injection of lidocaine into the substance of the spinal cord. The primary complaint in all the three cases was severe sharp and shooting pain in both lower limbs, being more severe in certain dermatomes.

Toxoplasma meningoencephalitis in HIV-seronegative patients: clinical patterns, imaging features and treatment outcome.

We evaluated the clinical and imaging features of cranial toxoplasmosis in patients without HIV infection. Between 1995 and 2005, 15 patients with serologically proven cranial toxoplasmosis were selected for clinical and imaging study from 233 patients with chronic meningitis and 364 patients with seizures/psychosis. All patients had poor immune status due to nutritional and metabolic causes.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with predominant pyramidal signs -- early diagnosis by magnetic resonance imaging.

Objective: To evaluate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the early diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with predominant upper motor neuron (UMN) signs in the initial stage of the disease.

Patients And Method: Two patients with ALS were found to have spastic quadriparesis with no wasting or fasciculation in the limbs in the early stage of the disease. Both were subjected to MRI of the head and cervical spine to look for any specific diagnostic feature.