Body mass index, obesity and risk of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most diagnosed cancer in male. Body mass index (BMI) has been linked to the risk of cancer and its mortality. Our objective was to undertake a quantitative analysis elucidating the relationship between BMI and the risk of PCa.

Advantages of simultaneous radial nerve and tendon reconstruction - a case report.

Transection of the radial nerve is frequently associated with humeral shaft fractures that are part of a very complex upper extremity injury. In the presented case, a 19-year-old man with a 10-cm radial nerve defect with a need for nerve grafting to recover complete sensory and motor deficit of the radial nerve. In our case, at the same time we provided the tendon transfer of musculus (m.

The relations between socio-demographic information and negative symptoms, mental health, and quality of life: a latent profile analysis with psychotic patients in Kosovo.

The current study aims to identify meaningful psychotic patients' profiles by examining certain combinations of patient's demographic and socio-economic variables (sex, age, marital status, number of children, cohabitant and level of education). Moreover, we aim to assess whether there is any significant effect of class membership (profile) on negative symptoms, health state, and quality of life among psychotic patients. A convenience sample of 103 patients (age: , = 1.

Inhibition of PI3K p110δ activity reduces IgE production in IL-4 and anti-CD40 stimulated human B cell cultures.

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) p110δ signalling negatively regulates the production of mouse IgE. However, there are disparities between the mouse and human IgE biology, and the role of PI3K p110δ in the production of human IgE is yet to be determined. To investigate the effect of PI3K p110δ inhibition in the production of human IgE we isolated human B cells from tonsil tissue and stimulated them with IL-4 and anti-CD40 antibody to induce class switching to IgE and IgG1 in the presence or absence of IC87114, a small molecule inhibitor of PI3K p110δ.

Perceived sustainability of psychosocial treatment in low- and middle-income countries in South-Eastern Europe.

Background: DIALOG+ is an evidence-based, generic, cost-saving and easily deliverable psychosocial intervention, adaptable to clinicians' personal manner of interaction with patients. It was implemented in mental health services in five low- and middle-income countries in South-Eastern Europe during a 12-month randomised-controlled trial (IMPULSE) to improve the effectiveness of out-patient treatment for people with psychotic disorders.

Aims: To investigate barriers and facilitators to the perceived sustainability of DIALOG+ that has been successfully implemented as a part of the IMPULSE project.

Osteoarticular vascular corrosion casting using industrial polyurethane for the 3D representation of the vascular tree on human knee.

Vascular casting is a widely used method for the representation of body vascularization. Many different injection materials have been described throughout the time to enhance the arterial vascular supply within a specifically defined anatomical location. The use of industrial polyurethane has been recently evaluated and applied to animal and human anatomy.

Transcriptional Analysis of the Human IgE-Expressing Plasma Cell Differentiation Pathway.

IgE is secreted by plasma cells (PCs) and is central to allergic disease. Using an tonsil B cell culture system, which mimics the Th2 responses , we have recently characterized the development pathway of human IgE-expressing PCs. In this system, as in mice, we reported the predisposition of IgE-expressing B cells to differentiate into PCs.

Epiphysiolysis Type Salter I of the Medial Clavicle with Posterior Displacement: A Case Series and Review of the Literature.

Physeal fractures of the medial clavicle with posterior displacement of the metaphysis are very rare injuries, but additional injuries can be life-threatening. Due to the specific clavicular ossification process, skeletally immature patients present usually not true sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) dislocations accordingly to adults but rather displaced physeal fractures. There is no consensus in the current literature on the best treatment of this lesion.

miR-29b directly targets activation-induced cytidine deaminase in human B cells and can limit its inappropriate expression in naïve B cells.

Class-switch recombination (CSR) is an essential B cell process that alters the isotype of antibody produced by the B cell, tailoring the immune response to the nature of the invading pathogen. CSR requires the activity of the mutagenic enzyme AID (encoded by AICDA) to generate chromosomal lesions within the immunoglobulin genes that initiate the class switching recombination event. These AID-mediated mutations also participate in somatic-hypermutation of the immunoglobulin variable region, driving affinity maturation.

Structural basis for selective inhibition of immunoglobulin E-receptor interactions by an anti-IgE antibody.

Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies play a central role in the allergic response: interaction with FcεRI on mast cells and basophils leads to immediate hypersensitivity reactions upon allergen challenge, while interaction with CD23/FcεRII, expressed on a variety of cells, regulates IgE synthesis among other activities. The receptor-binding IgE-Fc region has recently been found to display remarkable flexibility, from acutely bent to extended conformations, with allosteric communication between the distant FcεRI and CD23 binding sites. We report the structure of an anti-IgE antibody Fab (8D6) bound to IgE-Fc through a mixed protein-carbohydrate epitope, revealing further flexibility and a novel extended conformation with potential relevance to that of membrane-bound IgE in the B cell receptor for antigen.

Ontogeny of human IgE-expressing B cells and plasma cells.

Background: IgE-expressing (IgE ) plasma cells (PCs) provide a continuous source of allergen-specific IgE that is central to allergic responses. The extreme sparsity of IgE cells in vivo has confined their study almost entirely to mouse models.

Objective: To characterize the development pathway of human IgE PCs and to determine the ontogeny of human IgE PCs.

Intrinsic properties of germinal center-derived B cells promote their enhanced class switching to IgE.

Background: Research on the origins and development of human IgE-expressing (IgE(+) ) cells is required for understanding the pathogenesis of allergy and asthma. These studies have been thwarted by the rarity of IgE(+) cells in vivo and the low frequency of class switch recombination (CSR) to IgE ex vivo. To determine the main source of IgE(+) cells, we investigated the relation between the phenotypic composition of tonsil B cells and the CSR to IgE ex vivo.

[Complex reconstruction with internal locking plate fixation for Charcot arthropathy].

Background: Osteosynthesis and reposition of the Charcot foot is challenging with respect to choice of a proper implant. There is currently no international consensus regarding the optimal implant.

Objectives: Locking plates seem to be an innovative and stable method for reconstruction.

[Full contact plaster cast for conservative treatment of Charcot foot].

Background: The gold standard for treatment of early stages of Charcot foot are immobilization with a full contact plaster cast, whereby different periods and loading concepts are described in the literature.

Objectives: The etiology, disease course and preparation for an early conservative therapy are described and a key point is a full contact plaster cast.

Methods: An overview of the etiology, pathogenesis and indications for correct evaluation of the wound situation is given.

IgE responses in mouse and man and the persistence of IgE memory.

Rapid and robust recall or 'memory' responses are an essential feature of adaptive immunity. They constitute a defense against reinfection by pathogens, yet arguably do more harm than good in allergic disease. Immunoglobulin (Ig)E antibodies mediate the allergic reaction characterized by immediate hypersensitivity, a manifestation of IgE memory.

[Visualization of local cortical defects in Charcot foot using microcomputed tomography].

Background: In the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathic osteoarthropathy (Charcot's foot) fractures cause chronic destruction of soft tissue and bone structure. To improve an early diagnosis of Charcot foot, modern diagnostic imaging is mainly based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), for example in relation to the detection of cortical bone fractures.

Objectives: In this study we investigated the cortical microstructure in cases of Charcot foot with respect to fractures and porosity in order to visualize local cortical defects.

"Auto-anti-IgE": naturally occurring IgG anti-IgE antibodies may inhibit allergen-induced basophil activation.

Background: Naturally occurring IgE-specific IgG autoantibodies have been identified in patients with asthma and other diseases, but their spectrum of functions is poorly understood.

Objective: Address the hypothesis that: (i) IgG anti-IgE autoantibodies are detectable in the serum of all subjects but elevated in asthmatic patients regardless of atopic status as compared with controls; (ii) some activate IgE-sensitized basophils; and (iii) some inhibit allergen-induced basophil activation.

Methods: IgE-specific IgG autoantibodies were detected and quantified in sera using ELISA.

The who, where, and when of IgE in allergic airway disease.

Allergic asthma and allergic rhinitis/conjunctivitis are characterized by a T(H)2-dominated immune response associated with increased serum IgE levels in response to inhaled allergens. Because IgE is a key player in the induction and maintenance of allergic inflammation, it represents a prime target for therapeutic intervention. However, our understanding of IgE biology remains fragmentary.

PI3Kβ plays a critical role in neutrophil activation by immune complexes.

Neutrophils are activated by immunoglobulin G (IgG)-containing immune complexes through receptors that recognize the Fc portion of IgG (FcγRs). Here, we used genetic and pharmacological approaches to define a selective role for the β isoform of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3Kβ) in FcγR-dependent activation of mouse neutrophils by immune complexes of IgG and antigen immobilized on a plate surface. At low concentrations of immune complexes, loss of PI3Kβ alone substantially inhibited the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by neutrophils, whereas at higher doses, similar suppression of ROS production was achieved only by targeting both PI3Kβ and PI3Kδ, suggesting that this pathway displays stimulus strength-dependent redundancy.

The PI3K isoforms p110alpha and p110delta are essential for pre-B cell receptor signaling and B cell development.

B cell development is controlled by a series of checkpoints that ensure that the immunoglobulin (Ig)-encoding genes produce a functional B cell receptor (BCR) and antibodies. As part of this process, recombination-activating gene (Rag) proteins regulate the in-frame assembly of the Ig-encoding genes. The BCR consists of Ig proteins in complex with the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-containing Igalpha and Igbeta chains.

Ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 signaling regulates mammalian life span.

Caloric restriction (CR) protects against aging and disease, but the mechanisms by which this affects mammalian life span are unclear. We show in mice that deletion of ribosomal S6 protein kinase 1 (S6K1), a component of the nutrient-responsive mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling pathway, led to increased life span and resistance to age-related pathologies, such as bone, immune, and motor dysfunction and loss of insulin sensitivity. Deletion of S6K1 induced gene expression patterns similar to those seen in CR or with pharmacological activation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a conserved regulator of the metabolic response to CR.

The p110beta isoform of phosphoinositide 3-kinase signals downstream of G protein-coupled receptors and is functionally redundant with p110gamma.

The p110 isoforms of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) are acutely regulated by extracellular stimuli. The class IA PI3K catalytic subunits (p110alpha, p110beta, and p110delta) occur in complex with a Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing p85 regulatory subunit, which has been shown to link p110alpha and p110delta to Tyr kinase signaling pathways. The p84/p101 regulatory subunits of the p110gamma class IB PI3K lack SH2 domains and instead couple p110gamma to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs).