Enhanced efficacy of quercetin and taxifolin encapsulated with pH-responsive injectable BSA hydrogel for targeting triple-negative breast cancer cells.

Quercetin (QUE) and Taxifolin (TAX) are natural flavonoids with diverse biological activities, holding promise for cancer treatment. However, their clinical application is limited by their poor solubility and bioavailability. Self-assembled bovine serum albumin (BSA) hydrogels have demonstrated biocompatibility and proteolytic stability, making them suitable platforms for drug delivery.

Combination of ionizing radiation and 2-thio-6-azauridine induces cell death in radioresistant triple negative breast cancer cells by downregulating CD151 expression.

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer and is frequently resistant to therapy, ultimately resulting in treatment failure. Clinical trials have demonstrated the potential of sensitizing radiation therapy (RT)-resistant TNBC through the combination of chemotherapy and RT. This study sought to explore the potential of CD151 as a therapy response marker in the co-treatment strategy involving ionizing radiation (IR) and the repurposed antiviral drug 2-Thio-6-azauridine (TAU) for sensitizing RT-resistant TNBC (TNBC/RR).

Particulate Matter and Its Impact on Macrophages: Unraveling the Cellular Response for Environmental Health.

Particulate matter (PM) imposes a significant impact to environmental health with deleterious effects on the human pulmonary and cardiovascular systems. Macrophages (Mφ), key immune cells in lung tissues, have a prominent role in responding to inhaled cells, accommodating inflammation, and influencing tissue repair processes. Elucidating the critical cellular responses of Mφ to PM exposure is essential to understand the mechanisms underlying PM-induced health effects.

Neuroplasticity: Pathophysiology and Role in Major Depressive Disorder.

Neuroplasticity is characterized by the brain's ability to change its activity in response to extrinsic and intrinsic factors and is thought to be the mechanism behind all brain functions. Neuroplasticity causes structural and functional changes on a molecular level, specifically the growth of different regions in the brain and changes in synaptic and post-synaptic activities. The four types of neuroplasticity are homologous area adaption, compensatory masquerade, cross-modal reassignment, and map expansion.

HER-2 positive gastric cancer: Current targeted treatments.

Gastric cancer (GC) is highly metastatic and characterized by HER2 amplification. Aberrant HER2 expression drives metastasis, therapy resistance, and tumor recurrence. HER2 amplification contributes to drug resistance by upregulating DNA repair enzymes and drug afflux proteins, reducing drug efficacy.

Role of γδ T Cells in Cancer Progression and Therapy.

γδ T cells signify a foundational group of immune cells that infiltrate tumors early on, engaging in combat against cancer cells. The buildup of γδ T cells as cancer advances underscores their significance. Initially, these cells infiltrate and enact cytotoxic effects within the tumor tissue.

PM2.5: Epigenetic Alteration in Lung Physiology and Lung Cancer Pathogenesis.

Particulate matter (PM) has a very negative impact on human health, specifically the respiratory system. PM comes in many forms, among these is PM2.5,which is a major risk factor for lung cancer and other cardiovascular diseases.

Gamma Delta T Cells: Role in Immunotherapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

The most typical type of liver cancer or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develops from hepatocyte loss. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), viral hepatitis C and cirrhosis are the leading causes of HCC. With the Hepatitis B vaccine and medicines, there are several treatments for HCC, including liver resection, ablation, transplantation, immunotherapy, gene therapy, radiation embolization, and targeted therapy.

Natural and Synthetic Chalcones: Potential Impact on Breast Cancer.

Chalcones are small molecules, naturally found in fruits and vegetables, and exhibit diverse pharmacological activities. They also possess anticancer activity against different tumors. They can be converted into numerous derivatives by modifying hydrogen moieties, enabling the exploration of their diverse anticancer potentials.

Advances in Quercetin for Drug-Resistant Cancer Therapy: Mechanisms, Applications, and Delivery Systems.

Quercetin (QUE), a natural flavone abundantly discovered in fruits, has gained attention for its potential health benefits due to its unique structure. In addition, epidemiological and clinical studies have shown promising antioxidant activity of QUE aiming to treat various diseases, including cancer. This article's purpose is to provide an overview of recent advances in the use of QUE for drug-resistant cancer therapies, focusing on its mechanisms, applications, and delivery systems.

CRISPR-Based Approaches for Cancer Immunotherapy.

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technology is a powerful gene editing tool that has the potential to revolutionize cancer treatment. It allows for precise and efficient editing of specific genes that drive cancer growth and progression. CRISPR-based approaches gene knock-out, which deletes specific genes or sequences of DNA within a cancer cell, and gene knock-in, which inserts new sequences of DNA into a cancer cell to identify potential targets for cancer therapy.

Insights into the potential of Sanguinarine as a promising therapeutic option for breast cancer.

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in the progression and metastasis of BC. A significant proportion of BC is characterized by a hypoxic TME, which contributes to the development of drug resistance and cancer recurrence.

Novel Computational Methods for Cancer Drug Design.

Cancer is a complex and debilitating disease that is one of the leading causes of death in the modern world. Computational methods have contributed to the successful design and development of several drugs. The recent advances in computational methodology, coupled with the avalanche of data being acquired through high throughput genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, are likely to increase the contribution of computational methods toward the development of more effective treatments for cancer.

HOTAIR: a potential metastatic, drug-resistant and prognostic regulator of breast cancer.

HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) is an oncogenic non-coding RNA whose expression is strongly correlated with the tumor grade and prognosis of a variety of carcinomas including breast cancer (BC). HOTAIR regulates various target genes via sponging and epigenetic mechanisms and controls various oncogenic cellular and signaling mechanisms including metastasis and drug resistance. In BC cells, HOTAIR expression is regulated by a variety of transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms.

Regulatory T cells: Their role in triple-negative breast cancer progression and metastasis.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive and immunogenic subtype of breast cancer. This tumorigenicity is independent of hormonal or HER2 pathways because of a lack of respective receptor expression. TNBC is extremely prone to drug resistance and early recurrence because of T-regulatory cell (Treg) infiltration into the tumor microenvironment (TME) in addition to other mechanisms like genomic instability.

γδ T Cell-Mediated Immune Responses for Cancer Therapy: Special Focus on Breast Cancer.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a type of breast cancer (BC) with high aggressive nature, devoid of receptors for estrogen and progesterone hormones and with overexpression of the HER2/neu protein. It is more aggressive than other types of BC, common occurring in younger women. Recently, preclinical and clinical studies have investigated the use of immune therapies to treat TNBC patients.

Contemporary clinical trials in pancreatic cancer immunotherapy targeting PD-1 and PD-L1.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a major gastrointestinal cancer in terms of worldwide incidence and mortality. Despite advances in diagnostic and treatment modalities, the mortality of PC is still a serious concern in both sexes. Immune therapy using inhibitors of immune checkpoints, especially inhibitors of programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand-1(PD-1/PD-L1), offer huge benefits to cancer patients.

Natural products: Potential targets of TME related long non-coding RNAs in lung cancer.

Background: Lung cancer is a significant health concern worldwide due to high mortality and morbidity, despite the advances in diagnosis, treatment, and management. Recent experimental evidence from different models suggested long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as major modulators of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) to support metastasis and drug resistance in lung cancer. Evidence-based studies demonstrated that natural products interfere with TME functions.

Understanding the function of the tumor microenvironment, and compounds from marine organisms for breast cancer therapy.

The pathology and physiology of breast cancer (BC), including metastasis, and drug resistance, is driven by multiple signaling pathways in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which hamper antitumor immunity. Recently, long non-coding RNAs have been reported to mediate pathophysiological develop-ments such as metastasis as well as immune suppression within the TME. Given the complex biology of BC, novel personalized therapeutic strategies that address its diverse pathophysiologies are needed to improve clinical outcomes.

Long Noncoding RNAs: Potential Mediators of Liver Cancer Metastasis.

Liver cancer (LC) is the most common high-mortality malignancy, due to its aggressive nature, heterogeneity, and metastasis. Recent studies have recognized long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as mediators of LC pathogenesis and metastasis. This review describes the role of lncRNAs in molecular mechanisms of tumorigenicity, metastasis, stem-cell maintenance, drug resistance, and tumor immunity.

Computational Approaches for Diagnosis and Therapy of GI Malignancies.

The major challenging problem in the world is cancer. It is a complex disease. Somatic mutations in the genome cause genetic changes and lead to initiation and promotion of tumor growth.

Angiogenesis: Promising Therapeutic Target of Metastatic Colon Cancer.

Colon cancer (CC) is the third most diagnosed cancers globally and second most lethal malignancy in both men and women due to aggressive metastatic ability. Genetic or somatic mutations causes the transformation of normal epithelium of colon into precancerous stage and eventually to metastatic phenotype in nearly 10 to 15 years. This progression is depending heavily on the tumor induced angiogenesis, which significantly impact the survival of the patients.