Determinants of citizens' choice between public and private hospitals.

Objective: This study assesses what factors determine citizens' preferences for a public or private hospital (assuming the choice is free of charge) according to the severity of the disease.

Material And Method: A web-based discrete choice experiment was carried out with 1777 individuals distinguishing between a control group (posed with a simple choice for each health condition) and added information for respondents of the treatment groups (distance, waiting time, advice from the family doctor, and recommendations from the social context). The relevance of these factors in relation to the severity of one's illness is investigated.

Implementing Entrustable Professional Activities in Pediatric Fellowships: Facilitating the Process.

Background And Objectives: Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) will be used for initial certification by the American Board of Pediatrics by 2028. Less than half of pediatric fellowships currently use EPAs for assessment, yet all will need to adopt them. Our objectives were to identify facilitators and barriers to the implementation of EPAs to assess pediatric fellows and to determine fellowship program directors' (FPD) perceptions of EPAs and Milestones.

Pediatric Pulmonary Milestones 2.0: Development, Lessons Learned, and Future Directions.

Pediatric pulmonology fellowship training programs are required by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education to report Pediatric Subspecialty Milestones biannually to track fellow progress. However, several issues, such as lack of subspecialty-specific context and ambiguous language, have raised concerns about their validity and applicability to use for fellow assessment and curriculum development. In this Perspective, we briefly share the process of the Pediatric Pulmonology Milestones 2.

Study of the Antibacterial Activity of Rich Polyphenolic Extracts Obtained from against Foodborne Pathogens.

Natural extracts containing high polyphenolic concentrations may act as good antimicrobials for their antibacterial and antibiofilm activity. The present research characterizes two hydro-organic extracts with high polyphenolic content, obtained from the shrub as antipathogenic candidates. As a result of their own composition, both extracts, LE050 and PG050, have shown pronounced bioactivities with potential uses, especially in agricultural, livestock production, food manufacturing, and pharmaceutical industries.

Pediatric Pulmonary Fellowship Program Size Effect on Recruitment and Workforce Distribution.

Background: Concerns about the pediatric pulmonology workforce suggest a need to improve fellowship recruitment. Program size is related to the financial health and recruitment success of pediatric subspecialty education programs, but there are few data on how program size impacts recruitment and workforce in pediatric pulmonology.

Objective: Assess the impact of program size in pediatric pulmonology through examination of the distribution of applicants matching into pediatric pulmonology training programs over time and relationships to workforce distribution.

Analysis of P(v-a)CO/C(a-v)O Ratio and Other Perfusion Markers in a Population of 98 Pediatric Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery.

Background: The so-called Low Cardiac Output Syndrome (LCOS) is one of the most common complications in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease undergoing corrective surgery. LCOS requires high concentrations of inotropes to support cardiac contractility and improve cardiac output, allowing for better systemic perfusion. To date, serum lactate concentrations and central venous oxygen saturation (ScVO) are the most commonly used perfusion markers, but they are not completely reliable in identifying a state of global tissue hypoxia.

[What determines public-private choice in Spanish healthcare?].

Introduction And Objectives: The aim of the study was to analyze, which individual characteristics (sociodemographic, attitudinal and political factors) mediates in the choice in Spain in 2022, of a private versus public health care alternative for family doctor, doctor specialist, hospital admissions and emergencies.

Methods: Using the health barometers of the Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (CIS), we carried out four logistic regressions (then, average marginal effects [AMEs]) whose dependent variables are the preference for a private choice of family doctor versus a public one, the preference for a private choice of doctor specialist versus a public one; the preference for a private choice of hospital admission versus a public one and the preference for a private choice of emergency admission versus a public one. The dependent variables are binary (1=private; 0=public).

Job characteristics that enrich clinician-educators' career: a theory-informed exploratory survey.

Clinician educators (CEs) play a vital role in helping academic institutions achieve the missions of patient care, education and research. The driving forces that motivate pediatric CEs in professional growth and personal satisfaction remain unexplored. An exploratory survey research to investigate the job characteristics and factors that motivate CEs to pursue professional growth with personal satisfaction.

Recalibrating populism measurement tools: Methodological inconsistencies and challenges to our understanding of the relationship between the supply- and demand-side of populism.

The analysis of the congruence between the demand- and supply-side of populism is key to understand the relationship between citizens and populist parties, and to what extent this is mainly a "pull" or "push" phenomenon. Although the study of populism has experienced an unprecedented growth across social sciences during the last decade, research directly addressing this connection remains scarce. Moreover, most existing tools used to measure populism have not been created paying much consideration to their compatibility with those applied in the other side of this demand-supply divide.

Oxycodone-Naloxone Combination Hinders Opioid Consumption in Osteoarthritic Chronic Low Back Pain: A Retrospective Study with Two Years of Follow-Up.

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) due to osteoarthritis represents a therapeutic challenge worldwide. Opioids are extensively used to treat such pain, but the development of tolerance, i.e.

Scholarly activity training in pediatric pulmonology fellowship programs.

Background: Scholarly activity training is a required component of pediatric pulmonology fellowship programs. However, there are no data on resources and barriers to training and factors associated with fellow productivity.

Methods: We surveyed US pediatric pulmonology fellowship program directors (FPDs) between March and October 2019.

Proteomic Characterization of Bacteriophage Peptides from the Mastitis Producer by LC-ESI-MS/MS and the Bacteriophage Phylogenomic Analysis.

The present work describes LC-ESI-MS/MS MS (liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry) analyses of tryptic digestion peptides from phages that infect mastitis-causing isolated from dairy products. A total of 1933 nonredundant peptides belonging to 1282 proteins were identified and analyzed. Among them, 79 staphylococcal peptides from phages were confirmed.

and Trainees Choose a Career in Pediatric Pulmonology. A Qualitative Study.

There is concern that inadequate recruitment of new subspecialty trainees to replace the aging physician population will lead to significant workforce issues in pediatric pulmonology. The factors leading trainees to pursue a fellowship in pediatric pulmonology are unclear. To gain a better understanding of the decision-making process surrounding the choice to pursue a pediatric pulmonary fellowship and to provide informed recommendations to increase recruitment of new trainees.

Scholarly Activity During Pediatric Fellowship.

Background And Objectives: The educational requirements for pediatric fellows include at least 12 months of scholarly activity and generation of a work product. Yet there lacks detailed guidance on how programs can best integrate scholarly activity training into fellowships. Our objectives were to understand the resources and barriers to training and identify factors associated with productivity.

A statement on the current status and future needs of the pediatric pulmonology workforce: Pipeline Workgroup.

There is growing concern that current trends in pediatric pulmonology will lead to a workforce shortage resulting in patients having difficulty accessing subspecialty care. As part of the Pediatric Pulmonology Division Directors Association and Pediatric Pulmonary Training Directors Association Workforce Summit, we examined factors affecting the recruitment of learners into pediatric pulmonary fellowship training (PPFT) programs. The goal of our workgroup was to describe these issues and develop a plan to increase the pipeline of learners who ultimately pursue PPFT.

Bacteriophages and Lysins as Possible Alternatives to Treat Antibiotic-Resistant Urinary Tract Infections.

Urinary tract infections represent a major public health problem as the rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains among uropathogens is causing the failure of many current treatments. The use of bacteriophages (phages) and their derivatives to combat infectious diseases is an old approach that has been forgotten by the West for a long time, mostly due to the discovery and great success of antibiotics. In the present so-called "post-antibiotic era", many researchers are turning their attention to the re-discovered phage therapy, as an effective alternative to antibiotics.

Characterization of Bacteriophage Peptides of Pathogenic by LC-ESI-MS/MS: Bacteriophage Phylogenomics and Their Relationship to Their Host.

The present work focuses on LC-ESI-MS/MS (liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry) analysis of phage-origin tryptic digestion peptides from mastitis-causing spp. isolated from milk. A total of 2,546 non-redundant peptides belonging to 1,890 proteins were identified and analyzed.

Proteomic Characterization of Antibiotic Resistance, and Production of Antimicrobial and Virulence Factors in Species Associated with Bovine Mastitis. Could Enzybiotics Represent Novel Therapeutic Agents Against These Pathogens?

spp. are major mastitis pathogens present in dairy products, which produce a variety of virulence factors that are involved in streptococcal pathogenicity. These include neuraminidase, pyrogenic exotoxin, and M protein, and in addition they might produce bacteriocins and antibiotic-resistance proteins.

Prokaryotic sigma factors and their transcriptional counterparts in Archaea and Eukarya.

RNA polymerases (RNAPs) carry out transcription in the three domains of life, Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Transcription initiation is highly regulated by a variety of transcription factors, whose number and subunit complexity increase during evolution. This process is regulated in Bacteria by the σ factor, while the three eukaryotic RNAPs require a complex set of transcription factors (TFs) and a TATA-binding protein (TBP).

Exploring the powerful phytoarsenal of white grape marc against bacteria and parasites causing significant diseases.

Natural extracts containing high polyphenolic concentration possess antibacterial, anti-parasitic and fungicidal activities. The present research characterises two extracts based on white grape marc, a winemaking by-product, describing their physicochemical features and antimicrobial capacities. The main components of these extracts are phenolic acids, flavan-3-ols and their gallates and flavonols and their glycosides.