High-quality haplotype-resolved chromosome assembly provides evolutionary insights and targeted steviol glycosides (SGs) biosynthesis in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni.

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is popular source of plant-derived low/no-calorie natural sweeteners (LNCSs), collectively known as steviol glycosides (SGs). Nevertheless, genetic predisposition for targeted biosynthesis of SGs is complex due to multi-substrate functionality of key uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferases (UGTs). Here, we created a high-quality monoploid assembly of 1.

Genome-wide transcriptional profiling and physiological investigation elucidating the molecular mechanism of multiple abiotic stress response in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni.

Considering the major source of plant-derived low/non-calorie steviol glycosides (SGs), comprehensive physiological, biochemical, and deep transcriptional investigations were conducted to explicit deeper insight into multiple abiotic stress responses in Stevia rebaudiana. The physiological indicators including photosynthesis, chlorophyll, relative water content, shoot growth, electrolyte leakage, and SG biosynthesis were negatively impacted under drought (DS), followed by salinity (SS) and waterlogging (WS). Global transcriptional analysis revealed significant upregulated expression of the genes encoding for ROS detoxification (GST, SOD, APX, glutathione peroxidase), osmotic adjustment (alpha-trehalose-phosphate and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase), ion transporters (CAX, NHX, CNGS, VPPase, VATPase), water channel (PIP1, TIP) and abiotic stress-responsive candidate genes (LEA, HSPs, and Dehydrins) regulating abiotic stress response in S.

Oxygen-Vacancy Abundant Nanoporous Ni/NiMnO/MnO@NiMn Electrodes with Ultrahigh Capacitance and Energy Density for Supercapacitors.

High-performance energy storage devices (HPEDs) play a critical role in the realization of clean energy and thus enable the overarching pursuit of nonpolluting, green technologies. Supercapacitors are one class of such lucrative HPEDs; however, a serious limiting factor of supercapacitor technology is its sub-par energy density. This report presents hitherto unchartered pathway of physical deformation, chemical dealloying, and microstructure engineering to produce ultrahigh-capacitance, energy-dense NiMn alloy electrodes.

An Integrative Transcriptional Network Revealed Spatial Molecular Interplay Underlying Alantolactone and Inulin Biosynthesis in Hook f.

Hook. f. (Pushkarmula), a perennial Himalayan herb known for its aromatic and phytopharmaceutical attributes, is not yet explored at genomic/transcriptomic scale.

Plant Specialised Glycosides (PSGs): their biosynthetic enzymatic machinery, physiological functions and commercial potential.

Plants, the primary producers of our planet, have evolved from simple aquatic life to very complex terrestrial habitat. This habitat transition coincides with evolution of enormous chemical diversity, collectively termed as 'Plant Specialised Metabolisms (PSMs)', to cope the environmental challenges. Plant glycosylation is an important process of metabolic diversification of PSMs to govern their in planta stability, solubility and inter/intra-cellular transport.

Genome-wide identification and characterization of functionally relevant microsatellite markers from transcription factor genes of Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze).

Tea, being one of the most popular beverages requires large set of molecular markers for genetic improvement of quality, yield and stress tolerance. Identification of functionally relevant microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker resources from regulatory "Transcription factor (TF) genes" can be potential targets to expedite molecular breeding efforts. In current study, 2776 transcripts encoding TFs harbouring 3687 SSR loci yielding 1843 flanking markers were identified from traits specific transcriptome resource of 20 popular tea cultivars.

Surface Modified Activated Carbons: Sustainable Bio-Based Materials for Environmental Remediation.

Global warming and water/air contamination caused by human activities are major challenges in environmental pollution and climate change. The improper discharge of a large amount of agro-forest byproduct is accelerating these issues mainly in developing countries. The burning of agricultural byproducts causes global warming, whereas their improper waste management causes water/air pollution.

Underpinning the molecular programming attributing heat stress associated thermotolerance in tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze).

The most daunting issue of global climate change is the deleterious impact of extreme temperatures on tea productivity and quality, which has resulted in a quest among researchers and growers. The current study aims to unravel molecular programming underpinning thermotolerance by characterizing heat tolerance and sensitivity response in 20 tea cultivars. The significantly higher negative influence of heat stress was recorded in a sensitive cultivar with reduced water retention (47%), chlorophyll content (33.

Genome-wide transcriptional analysis unveils the molecular basis of organ-specific expression of isosteroidal alkaloids biosynthesis in critically endangered Fritillaria roylei Hook.

Fritillaria roylei Hook. is a critically endangered high altitude Himalayan medicinal plant species with rich source of pharmaceutically active structurally diverse steroidal alkaloids. Nevertheless, except few marker compounds, the chemistry of the plant remains unexplored.

Transcriptional analysis reveals key insights into seasonal induced anthocyanin degradation and leaf color transition in purple tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze).

Purple-tea, an anthocyanin rich cultivar has recently gained popularity due to its health benefits and captivating leaf appearance. However, the sustainability of purple pigmentation and anthocyanin content during production period is hampered by seasonal variation. To understand seasonal dependent anthocyanin pigmentation in purple tea, global transcriptional and anthocyanin profiling was carried out in tea shoots with two leaves and a bud harvested during in early (reddish purple: S1_RP), main (dark gray purple: S2_GP) and backend flush (moderately olive green: S3_G) seasons.

Decoration of Zinc Oxide Nanorods into the Surface of Activated Carbon Obtained from Agricultural Waste for Effective Removal of Methylene Blue Dye.

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods incorporated activated carbon (AC) composite photocatalyst was synthesized using a hydrothermal process. The AC was prepared from lapsi () seed stone, an agricultural waste product, found in Nepal by the chemical activation method. An aqueous suspension of AC with ZnO precursor was subjected to the hydrothermal treatment at 140 °C for 2 h to decorate ZnO rods into the surface of AC.

Multiple-genotypes transcriptional analysis revealed candidates genes and nucleotide variants for improvement of quality characteristics in tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze).

Tea quality is a polygenic trait that exhibits tremendous genetic variability due to accumulation of array of secondary metabolites. To elucidate global molecular insights controlling quality attributes, metabolite profiling and transcriptome sequencing of twelve diverse tea cultivars was performed in tea shoots harvested during quality season. RP-HPLC-DAD analysis of quality parameters revealed significant difference in catechins, theanine and caffeine contents.

Evaluation of heat stress through delayed sowing on physicochemical and functional characteristics of grains, whole meals and flours of India wheat.

The physicochemical and functional characteristics of grain, meal and flour of timely sown wheat (TSW) and delayed sown wheat (DSW) were compared to see the effects of heat stress (HS). TSW and DSW of different lines were sown as per the approved timings. DSW experienced higher temperature during flowering and had shorter vegetative and maturation period than TSW.

Development of transcriptome-wide SSR markers for genetic diversity and structure analysis in (Lam.) Verdc.

Horsegram is an important drought resistant pulse crop from Fabaceae and can be easily grown in dry lands with no irrigation facilities. However, it remained neglected since long and has been considered as orphan legume which requires immediate attention for its improvement and for the development of new promising varieties in future. In the present study, 7352 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed from the transcriptome data and 150 SSR were randomly synthesized for validation and diversity analysis in a panel of 58 horsegram genotypes.

Comprehensive temporal reprogramming ensures dynamicity of transcriptomic profile for adaptive response in Taxus contorta.

Plants respond to the environmental perturbations by triggering the dynamic changes within the transcriptome. The assessment of these oscillations within the transcriptome would offer insights into the ecological adaptation of the plants. We evaluated how the transcriptome of Taxus contorta swings under natural conditions to elucidate its adaptive response.

Additive Genetic Behavior of Stem Solidness in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Stem solidness in wheat is an important architectural trait to support the erect behavior of the plant. The varieties with high yield potential due to increased sink strength tend to lodge either because of poor anchorage or weak stem. The solid stem can partially counter the tradeoff between biomass driven yield gain irrespective of the plant height.

Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed gamma-irradiation mediated disruption of floral integrator gene(s) leading to prolonged vegetative phase in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni.

Stevia rebaudiana Bert. is getting global attention because of its ability to synthesize commercially important low/no calorie natural sweeteners (LNCSs) steviol glycosides (SGs). Considering, higher accumulation of SGs in vegetative phase followed by decrement during reproductive phase necessitate the understanding of different molecular components of floral transition to develop superior varieties/cultivars with prolonged vegetative phase in Stevia.

Transcriptional profiling of contrasting genotypes revealed key candidates and nucleotide variations for drought dissection in Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze.

Tea is popular health beverage consumed by millions of people worldwide. Drought is among the acute abiotic stress severely affecting tea cultivation, globally. In current study, transcriptome sequencing of four diverse tea genotypes with inherent contrasting genetic response to drought (tolerant & sensitive) generated more than 140 million reads.

Discovery and Utilization of EST-SSR Marker Resource for Genetic Diversity and Population Structure Analyses of a Subtropical Bamboo, Dendrocalamus hamiltonii.

Dendrocalamus hamiltonii is a giant bamboo species native to Indian subcontinent with high economic importance. Nevertheless, highly outcross nature and flowering once in decades impose severe limitation in its propagation. Identification and mixed cultivation of genetically diverse genotypes may assist successful breeding and natural recombination of desirable traits.

Global Transcriptional Insights of Pollen-Pistil Interactions Commencing Self-Incompatibility and Fertilization in Tea [ (L.) O. Kuntze].

This study explicates molecular insights commencing Self-Incompatibility (SI) and CC (cross-compatibility/fertilization) in self (SP) and cross (CP) pollinated pistils of tea. The fluorescence microscopy analysis revealed ceased/deviated pollen tubes in SP, while successful fertilization occurred in CP at 48 HAP. Global transcriptome sequencing of SP and CP pistils generated 109.

Molecular dissection of transcriptional reprogramming of steviol glycosides synthesis in leaf tissue during developmental phase transitions in Stevia rebaudiana Bert.

Stevia is a natural source of commercially important steviol glycosides (SGs), which share biosynthesis route with gibberellic acids (GAs) through plastidal MEP and cytosolic MVA pathways. Ontogeny-dependent deviation in SGs biosynthesis is one of the key factor for global cultivation of Stevia, has not been studied at transcriptional level. To dissect underlying molecular mechanism, we followed a global transcriptome sequencing approach and generated more than 100 million reads.

Spatial transcriptome analysis provides insights of key gene(s) involved in steroidal saponin biosynthesis in medicinally important herb Trillium govanianum.

Trillium govanianum, an endangered medicinal herb native to the Himalaya, is less studied at the molecular level due to the non-availability of genomic resources. To facilitate the basic understanding of the key genes and regulatory mechanism of pharmaceutically important biosynthesis pathways, first spatial transcriptome sequencing of T. govanianum was performed.