2,2'- Bipyridine Derivatives Exert Anticancer Effects by Inducing Apoptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HepG2) Cells.

Purpose: To elucidate the therapeutic potential of 2,2'-bipyridine derivatives [NPS (1-6)] on hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells.

Methods: The effects on cell survival, colony formation, cellular and nuclear morphology, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), change in the integrity of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and apoptosis were investigated. Additionally, docking studies were conducted to analyze and elucidate the interactions between the derivatives and AKT and BRAF proteins.

: A Review on Traditional Uses, Pharmacology, and Phytochemistry.

(Roxb. ex Willd.) DC.

Asymptomatic low-density Plasmodium infection during non-transmission season: a community-based cross-sectional study in two districts of North Eastern Region, India.

Background: Malaria elimination requires targeting asymptomatic and low-density Plasmodium infections that largely remain undetected. Therefore we conducted a cross-sectional study to estimate the burden of asymptomatic and low-density Plasmodium infection using conventional and molecular diagnostics.

Methods: A total of 9118 participants, irrespective of age and sex, were screened for malaria using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), microscopy and polymerase chain reaction.

Novel molecular diagnostic technique for detecting the different species of Plasmodium.

Background: Sensitive diagnostic techniques are needed for timely detection of malaria parasite and disease control. Molecular diagnostic techniques involving Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with 18 s rRNA as a known diagnostic target with an overall sensitivity of 10 parasites per microliter is used as a gold standard. Till date, no attempt has been undertaken to develop a technique for the identification of four Plasmodium species in a single step PCR combined with restriction digestion with enzymes.

First report of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) variants (Mahidol and Acores) from malaria-endemic regions of northeast India and their functional evaluations in-silico.

G6PD deficiency results from numerous mutations in the G6PD gene and can cause alterations in enzyme function up to varying degrees. P. vivax malaria infections require G6PD deficiency screening because of the potential risk of haemolysis by the gametocytocidal drug (primaquine) during the radical treatment.

Correlation of sensitivity of chloroquine and other antimalarials with the partner drug resistance to malaria in selected sites of India.

Background: Antimalarial drug resistance is a potential threat for control and elimination of malaria. To ascertain the status of antimalarial drug resistance at the study sites, correlation between in vitro drug sensitivity pattern and drug resistance molecular markers in Plasmodium falciparum malaria was undertaken.

Materials And Methods: Polymorphisms in P.

Emerging polymorphisms in falciparum Kelch 13 gene in Northeastern region of India.

Background: Recent reports of emergence and spread of artemisinin resistance in the Southeast Asia region, including Myanmar, pose a greater threat to malaria control and elimination in India. Whole genome sequencing studies have associated mutations in the K13 propeller gene (k13), PF3D7_1343700 with artemisinin resistance both in vitro and in vivo. The aim of the present study was to find the k13 gene polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum parasites from the three sites in the Northeast region of India, bordering Bangladesh and Myanmar.

Monitoring the efficacy of antimalarial medicines in India via sentinel sites: Outcomes and risk factors for treatment failure.

Background & Objectives: To combat the problem of antimalarial drug resistance, monitoring the changes in drug efficacy over time through periodic surveillance is essential. Since 2009, systematic and continuous monitoring is being done through nationwide sentinel site system. Potential early warning signs like partner drug resistance markers were also monitored in the clinical samples from the study areas.

Surveillance of artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum in India using the kelch13 molecular marker.

Malaria treatment in Southeast Asia is threatened with the emergence of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum. Genome association studies have strongly linked a locus on P. falciparum chromosome 13 to artemisinin resistance, and recently, mutations in the kelch13 propeller region (Pfk-13) were strongly linked to resistance.

Declining efficacy of artesunate plus sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine in northeastern India.

Background: Anti-malarial drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum in India has historically travelled from northeast India along the Myanmar border. The treatment policy for P. falciparum in the region was, therefore, changed from chloroquine to artesunate (AS) plus sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) in selected areas in 2005 and in 2008 it became the first-line treatment.