Benzo (A) pyrene exposure alters alveolar epithelial and macrophage cells diversity and induces antioxidant responses in lungs.

This study was designed to investigate the toxic effects of benzo (a) pyrene (BaP) in the lungs. Mice were repeatedly treated orally with BaP (50 mg/kg body weight, twice a week for four weeks) to induce a tumour. After 4 months of BaP administration, tumours were visible beneath the skin.

Bisphenol A-induced oxidative stress increases the production of ovarian cancer stem cells in mice.

Bisphenol A (BPA) belongs to the endocrine disruptor chemicals (EDCs) causing various reproductive disorders in females. We analysed the toxic effects of BPA in the uterus and ovaries. The BPA was administered orally with the repeated low dose (LD, 1 mg/kg) and high dose (HD, 5 mg/kg) of body weight on alternate days for 4 months via oral gavage to Swiss mice.

Growth of diamond in liquid metal at 1 atm pressure.

Natural diamonds were (and are) formed (thousands of million years ago) in the upper mantle of Earth in metallic melts at temperatures of 900-1,400 °C and at pressures of 5-6 GPa (refs. ). Diamond is thermodynamically stable under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions as per the phase diagram of carbon.

Reprogramming in Gene Expression Network under Butanol Stress Abrogates Hyphal Development.

is the causative agent of invasive fungal infections. Its hyphae-forming ability is regarded as one of the important virulence factors. To unravel the impact of butanol on , it was placed in O complete human serum with butanol (1% /).

Aflatoxin B1 administration causes inflammation and apoptosis in the lungs and spleen.

Aflatoxin is a naturally occurring mycotoxin that has numerous toxic effects. The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the toxic effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on the lungs and spleen. Mice were repeatedly exposed to AFB1 (0.

A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group Phase III Trial Investigating the Glycemic Efficacy and Safety Profile of Fixed-Dose Combination Dapagliflozin and Linagliptin Over Linagliptin Monotherapy in Patients with Inadequately Controlled Type 2 Diabetes with Metformin.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fixed-dose combination (FDC) of dapagliflozin (10 mg) and linagliptin (5 mg) in comparison to linagliptin 5 mg (Trajenta) in patients with insufficiently controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on metformin monotherapy.

Methods: The double-blind, randomized, multicentric, parallel-group phase III trial screened 287 adult patients with T2DM (age 18-65 years) from 16 sites across India. The recruited subjects were undergoing metformin monotherapy ≥ 1000 mg/day for at least 28 days.

How We Do It: Whole Lung Lavage.

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare pulmonary disorder characterized by the accumulation of surfactant in the alveolar spaces resulting in hypoxemic respiratory failure. Whole lung lavage (WLL), the preferred treatment for PAP, physically removes the lipoproteinaceous material from the alveolar spaces. Since its initial description in 1963, the WLL procedure has undergone various modifications.

Utility of Narrow-band Imaging Bronchoscopy in the Diagnosis of Endobronchial Sarcoidosis.

Background: There are few reports on the utility of bronchoscopic narrow-band imaging (NBI) for visualizing endobronchial abnormalities in sarcoidosis. Our primary objective was to compare the sensitivity of finding endobronchial abnormality using NBI versus white light bronchoscopy (WLB) in patients with sarcoidosis. The secondary aim was to evaluate the sensitivity of NBI in diagnosing endobronchial sarcoidosis against a reference standard of positive endobronchial biopsy (EBB).

Role of flexible bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of invasive fungal infections.

Background: There are sparse data on the role of flexible bronchoscopy (FB) in diagnosing invasive mould infections (IMIs).

Objective: To investigate the safety and usefulness of FB in IMI. We evaluate the factors associated with a successful diagnosis of IMI using FB.

Diagnostic yield and safety of the ProCore versus the standard EBUS-TBNA needle in subjects with suspected sarcoidosis.

: No randomized trial has compared the yield of the ProCore needle, a novel needle for endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA), with standard needles.: Consecutive subjects with intrathoracic lymphadenopathy due to suspected sarcoidosis were randomized 1:1 to undergo EBUS-TBNA with either the 22-gauge ProCore (EchoTip-ProCore, Cook-Medical) or the 22-gauge standard (Vizishot, Olympus) needle. The primary outcome was the diagnostic sensitivity; the secondary outcomes included the number of adequate aspirates obtained and procedure-related complications.

Overexpression of improved EPSPS gene results in field level glyphosate tolerance and higher grain yield in rice.

Glyphosate is a popular, systemic, broad-spectrum herbicide used in modern agriculture. Being a structural analog of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), it inhibits 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) which is responsible for the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids and various aromatic secondary metabolites. Taking a lead from glyphosate-resistant weeds, two mutant variants of the rice EPSPS gene were developed by amino acid substitution (T173I + P177S; TIPS-OsEPSPS and G172A + T173I + P177S; GATIPS-OsEPSPS).

Isolated diastolic hypertension and its risk factors in semi-rural population of South India.

Background: Isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH) has been actively discussed for the last two decades because of its prevalence in a younger population and its association with cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, the association of IDH is significant in South Asian Countries such as India because relatively younger populations are known to have a higher risk of cardiovascular events.

Objective: The objective of this study is to find prevalence of IDH and its risk correlates in a semiurban population of South Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.

Increasing incidence of Rickettsial infection in patients of Pyrexia of Unknown Origin.

Objective: To study the incidence of rickettsial infection in pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) patients. To promote awareness and index of suspicion among clinicians for rickettsial infection.

Methods: Out of numerous patients who came to a tertiary care hospital in Delhi with fever, sera of 22 patients in whom no diagnosis could be made after basic investigations and cultures were subjected to Weil Felix (WF) test.

A Randomized Trial of Nebulized Lignocaine, Lignocaine Spray, or Their Combination for Topical Anesthesia During Diagnostic Flexible Bronchoscopy.

Background: The optimal mode of delivering topical anesthesia during flexible bronchoscopy remains unknown. This article compares the efficacy and safety of nebulized lignocaine, lignocaine oropharyngeal spray, or their combination.

Methods: Consecutive subjects were randomized 1:1:1 to receive nebulized lignocaine (2.

Joint Indian Chest Society-National College of Chest Physicians (India) guidelines for spirometry.

Although a simple and useful pulmonary function test, spirometry remains underutilized in India. The Indian Chest Society and National College of Chest Physicians (India) jointly supported an expert group to provide recommendations for spirometry in India. Based on a scientific grading of available published evidence, as well as other international recommendations, we propose a consensus statement for planning, performing and interpreting spirometry in a systematic manner across all levels of healthcare in India.

Predictors of Severe Bleeding During Endobronchial Biopsy: Experience of 537 Cases.

Background: Endobronchial biopsy (EBB) remains the standard procedure for evaluating endobronchial lesions visualized during flexible bronchoscopy. However, the predictors of bleeding and its impact on the diagnostic yield of EBB remains unknown.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of subjects who underwent EBB for suspected neoplastic endobronchial lesion.

Characterization of , a Bacterial Alkaline Phosphatase for Phi Use Efficiency in Rice Plant.

Fertilizers and herbicides are two major components in the agriculture system for achieving crop productivity. Massive use of orthophosphate fertilizers and herbicides poses threats to phosphate reserves and aids the evolution of herbicide tolerant weed biotypes. Phosphite (Phi), a phosphate analog, has been proposed as more beneficial than traditionally used phosphate fertilizers and herbicides in the agriculture.

A retrospective study comparing the ultrathin versus conventional bronchoscope for performing radial endobronchial ultrasound in the evaluation of peripheral pulmonary lesions.

Background: Few studies have reported on the utility of ultrathin bronchoscopes (UTBs) for performing radial probe endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS). Herein, we describe our experience with UTB and conventional bronchoscope (CB) for performing radial EBUS.

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective study comparing the diagnostic yield of a prototype UTB (external diameter 3 mm, working channel diameter 1.

Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in the economically disadvantaged: A retrospective analysis of 1582 individuals.

Background: Whether the indications and diagnostic yield of endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) vary according to the socioeconomic status of the patient, remains unknown. Herein, we evaluate this aspect in participants who underwent EBUS-TBNA.

Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of all participants who underwent EBUS-TBNA for the evaluation of intrathoracic lymphadenopathy.

Developing dual herbicide tolerant transgenic rice plants for sustainable weed management.

Herbicides are important constituents of modern integrated weed management system. However, the continuous use of a single herbicide leads to the frequent evolution of resistant weeds which further challenges their management. To overcome this situation, alternating use of multiple herbicides along with conventional weed-management practices is suitable and recommended.