A case for change: disruption in academic medicine.

Disruptive technologies allow less expensive and more efficient processes to eventually dominate a market sector. The academic health center's tripartite mission of education, clinical care, and research is threatened by decreasing revenues and increasing expenses and is, as a result, ripe for disruption. The authors describe current disruptive technologies that threaten traditional operations at academic health centers and provide a prescription not only to survive, but also to prosper, in the face of disruptive forces.

Cluster analysis of childhood temperament data on adoptees.

Cluster analysis is used with behavioral data on 162 adoptees to assess temperament and to test the validity of the temperament typologies described by Thomas and Chess. Data are divided into two groups by sex. Results concur with the Thomas-Chess findings in identifying three main temperament groups: difficult, easy, and slow to warm up.