The Nasal Width and Boxiness Index: Introduction and Pilot Study on Reliability and Validity of Sonographic Morphometry.

Both intended and unintended surgical modifications of nasal width and shape of the nasal tip continue to be of interest to the rhinoplasty surgeon. As validated instruments for quantifying width and boxiness are lacking, the objective of this study was to introduce a width index and a boxiness index for the nasal dorsum and the nasal tip. A width index and a boxiness index were defined within the methodological limits of noncontact sonography.

Nasolacrimal duct obstruction caused by lymphoproliferative infiltration in the course of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Background: Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is the standard treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Only in rare cases, blockage may be caused by malignant tumors and even more exceptionally by lymphatic neoplasms so that biopsies are not routinely taken for diagnostic purposes.

Methods: A computerized retrieval system was used for this retrospective study to identify all patients with histologically documented lymphoproliferative infiltration in the lacrimal drainage system from 2001 to 2009.

The Nose Influences Visual and Personality Perception.

Nasal deformities are known to attract attention, are felt to be stigmatizing, and are known to affect negatively the perception of personalities. These effects have not been studied on profile views. The objective of this study was the quantification of visual attention directed toward nasal deformities and its impact on the perception of personality traits.

Sound localization measured by eye-tracking.

Objective: To introduce a new method of measuring sound localization ability based on eye-tracking and to test this method by analysing the influence of mild induced conductive hearing loss on sound localization.

Design: Sound signals were presented from different angles, and the participant's responses were measured using an eye-tracking device. For validation, a comparison of responses to visual stimuli was performed.

Management of Zygomatic Fractures: Bone and Arch.

Zygomatic bone and arch fractures are among the most common facial fractures treated by facial plastic surgeons. Controversy still remains regarding the optimal management of these fractures. Computed tomographic scanning (including three-dimensional reconstruction) represent a fundamental tool for diagnosis and treatment planning of zygomatic fractures.

Maxillofacial Fractures: Midface and Internal Orbit-Part II: Principles and Surgical Treatment.

Current clinical assessment and imaging techniques were described in part 1, and this article presents a systematic review of the surgical treatment principles in the management of midface and internal orbit fractures from initial care to definitive treatment, including illustrative case examples. New developments enabled limited surgical approaches by standardization of osteosynthesis principles regarding three-dimensional buttress reconstruction, by newly developed individualized implants such as titanium meshes and, especially for complex fracture patterns, by critical assessment of anatomical reconstruction through intraoperative endoscopy, as well as intra- and postoperative imaging. Resorbable soft tissue anchors can be used both for ligament and soft tissue resuspension to reduce ptosis effects in the cheeks and nasolabial area and to achieve facial aesthetics similar to those prior to the injury.

Maxillofacial Fractures: Midface and Internal Orbit-Part I: Classification and Assessment.

Fractures of the midface and internal orbit occur isolated or in combination with other injuries. Frequently, the patients are first seen in emergency rooms responsible for the coordination of initial diagnostic procedures, followed by the transfer to specialties for further treatment. It is, therefore, important for all physicians treating facial trauma patients to understand the basic principles of injuries to the midface.

Frontobasal Fractures.

Frontobasal fractures occur in up to 24% of head injuries and often require a multidisciplinary approach. Besides the common bone fractures, the complex anatomy can cause damage to the sense of vision and smell. Further possibly lethal complications such as cerebrospinal fluid leak followed by meningitis or internal carotid bleeding can follow.

Eye tracker based study: Perception of faces with a cleft lip and nose deformity.

Aim: Quantification of visual attention directed towards cleft stigmata and its impact on the perception of selected personality traits.

Methods: Forty observers were divided into two groups and their visual scan paths were recorded. Both groups observed a series of photographs displaying full frontal views of the faces of 18 adult patients with clefts, nine with residual cleft stigmata and nine with digitally-corrected stigmata (each patient only appeared once per series).

Effect of protruding ears on visual fixation time and perception of personality.

Importance: Protruding ears are often thought to be a stigma, supposedly drawing attention and negatively influencing the perception of personality. These purported negative effects that may indicate corrective aesthetic otoplasty in patients too young to provide informed consent have not been quantified.

Objective: To quantify attention directed toward protruding ears and its effect on the perception of selected personality traits.

The diced cartilage glue graft for nasal augmentation. Morphometric evidence of longevity.

Background: A grafting technique that uses diced cartilage without fascia, which improves formability while maintaining long-term stability, would be a welcome addition to the rhinoplasty armamentarium.

Methods: A diced cartilage glue graft was recently introduced as the Tasman technique. The technique has been used by one of us (A.

[Current controversies in the treatment of frontal sinus fractures].

The surgical treatment of frontal sinus fractures is foreshadowed by fears of late complications. Complications such as meningitis and mucoceles should be prevented by cranialization or obliteration of the frontal sinus. These procedures are still standard treatment despite of recent developments over the last two decades in endoscopic sinus surgery, in medical imaging and surgical instrumentation.