Phytochemical characterization and bioactivity toward breast cancer cells of unhydrolyzed and acid-hydrolyzed extracts of .

Phytochemicals from the genus, , have been attracting increasing attention due to their potential beneficial effects on human health. species contain various types of phytochemicals such as flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, coumarins and tannins. In this study, we investigated the phytochemical composition of unhydrolyzed and acid-hydrolyzed extracts of and their bioactivity toward breast cancer MCF-7 cells in vitro.

Integration of mass spectral fingerprinting analysis with precursor ion (MS1) quantification for the characterisation of botanical extracts: application to extracts of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban.

Introduction: The phytochemical composition of plant material governs the bioactivity and potential health benefits as well as the outcomes and reproducibility of laboratory studies and clinical trials.

Objective: The objective of this work was to develop an efficient method for the in-depth characterisation of plant extracts and quantification of marker compounds that can be potentially used for subsequent product integrity studies. Centella asiatica (L.

Vitamin C Activates the Folate-Mediated One-Carbon Cycle in C2C12 Myoblasts.

Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid, AA) is an essential cellular antioxidant and cofactor for several α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases. As an antioxidant, AA interacts with vitamin E to control oxidative stress. While several reports suggest an interaction of AA with folate (vitamin B9) in animals and humans, little is known about the nature of the interaction and the underlying molecular mechanisms at the cellular level.

Isolation and Identification of Tyrosinase-Inhibitory and Copper-Chelating Peptides from Hydrolyzed Rice-Bran-Derived Albumin.

Rice-bran albumin (RBAlb), which shows higher tyrosinase-inhibitory activity than other protein fractions, was hydrolyzed with papain to improve the bioactivity. The obtained RBAlb hydrolysate (RBAlbH) was separated into 11 peptide fractions by RP-HPLC. Tyrosinase inhibition and copper chelation activities decreased with increasing retention times of the peptide fractions.

Photoprotective Properties of Isothiocyanate and Nitrile Glucosinolate Derivatives From Meadowfoam () Against UVB Irradiation in Human Skin Equivalent.

Exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation of the skin leads to numerous dermatological concerns including skin cancer and accelerated aging. Natural product glucosinolate derivatives, like sulforaphane, have been shown to exhibit chemopreventive and photoprotective properties. In this study, we examined meadowfoam () glucosinolate derivatives, 3-methoxybenzyl isothiocyanate (MBITC) and 3-methoxyphenyl acetonitrile (MPACN), for their activity in protecting against the consequences of UV exposure.

Non-estrogenic Xanthohumol Derivatives Mitigate Insulin Resistance and Cognitive Impairment in High-Fat Diet-induced Obese Mice.

Xanthohumol (XN), a prenylated flavonoid from hops, improves dysfunctional glucose and lipid metabolism in animal models of metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, its metabolic transformation into the estrogenic metabolite, 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN), poses a potential health concern for its use in humans. To address this concern, we evaluated two hydrogenated derivatives, α,β-dihydro-XN (DXN) and tetrahydro-XN (TXN), which showed negligible affinity for estrogen receptors α and β, and which cannot be metabolically converted into 8-PN.

Rice Protein Matrix Enhances Circulating Levels of Xanthohumol Following Acute Oral Intake of Spent Hops in Humans.

Scope: Xanthohumol (XN), a prenylated flavonoid found in hops, exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, poor bioavailability may limit therapeutic applications. As food components are known to modulate polyphenol absorption, the objective is to determine whether a protein matrix could enhance the bioavailability of XN post oral consumption in humans.

Effects of Time and Storage Conditions on the Chemical and Microbiologic Stability of Diluted Buprenorphine for Injection.

Buprenorphine is a partial μ-opioid agonist used for analgesia. Due to the small size of laboratory rodents, buprenorphine HCl is typically diluted 10- or 20-fold with a sterile diluent, such as saline, for accurate dosing. Protocols for preparing and storing diluted buprenorphine vary by institution, and little published information is available regarding stability and beyond-use dating of specific buprenorphine preparations.

Xanthohumol improves dysfunctional glucose and lipid metabolism in diet-induced obese C57BL/6J mice.

Xanthohumol (XN) is a prenylated flavonoid found in hops (Humulus lupulus) and beer. The dose-dependent effects of XN on glucose and lipid metabolism in a preclinical model of metabolic syndrome were the focus of our study. Forty-eight male C57BL/6J mice, 9 weeks of age, were randomly divided into three XN dose groups of 16 animals.

Application of Paper Strip Extraction in Combination with LC-MS-MS in Pharmacokinetics.

Recent advances in sampling techniques in the pharmaceutical industry sparked significant interest in applying improvements to extraction methods for greater analyte detection and quantitation. In particular, the dried blood spot (DBS) sampling technique has numerous advantages compared to traditional methods such as liquid-liquid extraction, including the use of small sample volumes, less sample processing, and less exposure to toxic solvents (ether, methyl -butyl ether [MTBE], and dichloromethane). In this article, we discuss the adaptation of DBS technology to develop and validate a novel paper strip extraction method for the analysis of natural product metabolites in biological samples obtained from a human pharmacokinetic study of xanthohumol, a hop prenylflavonoid.

Identifying Rates of Meadowfoam (Limnanthes alba) Seed Meal Needed for Suppression of Meloidogyne hapla and Pythium irregulare in Soil.

Meadowfoam (Limnanthes alba) is a commercial oilseed annual crop grown in Oregon. After extracting oil from seed, the remaining seed meal is rich in the secondary plant metabolite glucolimnanthin, which can be converted into pesticidal compounds such as 3-methoxybenzyl isothiocyanate (ITC) and 3-methoxyphenylacetonitrile (nitrile) in the presence of the enzyme myrosinase. In previous studies, we demonstrated that ITC and nitrile, produced by mixing freshly ground meadowfoam seed with meadowfoam seed meal, are toxic to the plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne hapla and the plant pathogen Pythium irregulare.

Identification and phytotoxicity of a new glucosinolate breakdown product from Meadowfoam (Limnanthes alba) seed meal.

Meadowfoam (Limnanthes alba Hartw. ex Benth.) is an oilseed crop grown in the Willamette Valley of Oregon.

Human pharmacokinetics of xanthohumol, an antihyperglycemic flavonoid from hops.

Scope: Xanthohumol (XN) is a bioactive prenylflavonoid from hops. A single-dose pharmacokinetic (PK) study was conducted in men (n = 24) and women (n = 24) to determine dose-concentration relationships.

Methods And Results: Subjects received a single oral dose of 20, 60, or 180 mg XN.

Xanthohumol lowers body weight and fasting plasma glucose in obese male Zucker fa/fa rats.

Obesity contributes to increased risk for several chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Xanthohumol, a prenylated flavonoid from hops (Humulus lupulus), was tested for efficacy on biomarkers of metabolic syndrome in 4 week old Zucker fa/fa rats, a rodent model of obesity. Rats received daily oral doses of xanthohumol at 0, 1.

Pharmacokinetics of xanthohumol and metabolites in rats after oral and intravenous administration.

Scope: Xanthohumol (XN), a dietary flavonoid found in hops, may have health-protective actions against cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Yet, there are limited data on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of XN. This study provides PK parameters for XN and its major metabolites in rats.

Activity of meadowfoam (Limnanthes alba) seed meal glucolimnanthin degradation products against soilborne pathogens.

Meadowfoam (Limnanthes alba L.) is a herbaceous winter-spring annual grown as a commercial oilseed crop. The meal remaining after oil extraction from the seed contains up to 4% of the glucosinolate glucolimnanthin.

Ascorbic acid promotes detoxification and elimination of 4-hydroxy-2(E)-nonenal in human monocytic THP-1 cells.

4-Hydroxy-2(E)-nonenal (HNE), a reactive aldehyde derived from oxidized lipids, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and neurological diseases, in part by its ability to induce oxidative stress and by protein carbonylation in target cells. The effects of intracellular ascorbic acid (vitamin C) on HNE-induced cytotoxicity and protein carbonylation were investigated in human THP-1 monocytic leukemia cells. HNE treatment of these cells resulted in apoptosis, necrosis, and protein carbonylation.

Herbicidal activity of glucosinolate degradation products in fermented meadowfoam ( Limnanthes alba ) seed meal.

Meadowfoam ( Limnanthes alba ) is an oilseed crop grown in western Oregon. After extraction of the oil from the seeds, the remaining seed meal contains 2-4% of the glucosinolate glucolimnanthin. This study investigated the effect of fermentation of seed meal on its chemical composition and the effect of the altered composition on downy brome ( Bromus tectorum ) coleoptile emergence.

Characterization of phytoecdysteroid glycosides in Meadowfoam (Limnanthes alba) seed meal by positive and negative ion LC-MS/MS.

Meadowfoam ( Limnanthes alba) is an oilseed crop grown in western Oregon. The seed meal has potential value as a biopesticide due to glucosinolate degradation products and phytoecdysteroids, a group of polyhydroxylated triterpenoids with potent activities as arthropod molting hormones. Liquid chromatography in combination with tandem mass spectrometry operated in the precursor ion mode revealed the presence of four ecdysteroid glycosides in meadowfoam seed meal.

Diuron occurrence and distribution in soil and surface and ground water associated with grass seed production.

Little is known about the occurrence and distribution of the herbicide diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea] in soil, ground water, and surface water in areas affected by grass-seed production. A field study was designed to investigate the occurrence and distribution of diuron and its transformation products at a poorly drained field site located along an intermittent tributary of Lake Creek in the southern Willamette Valley of Oregon. The experimental sites consisted of a field under commercial grass seed production with a cultivated riparian zone and a second site that was part of the same grass seed field but with a noncultivated riparian zone.