A novel approach to explore Safety-I and Safety-II perspectives in in situ simulations-the structured what if functional resonance analysis methodology.

Objectives: With ever increasingly complex healthcare settings, technology enhanced simulation (TES) is well positioned to explore all perspectives to enhance patient safety and patient outcomes. Analysis from a Safety-II stance requires identification of human adjustments in daily work that are key to maintaining safety. The aim of this paper is to describe an approach to explore the consequences of human variability from a Safety-II perspective and describe the added value of this to TES.

The assessment of a manikin-based low-dose, high-frequency cardiac resuscitation quality improvement program in early UK adopter hospitals.

Background: Adult and paediatric basic life support (BLS) training are often conducted via group training with an accredited instructor every 24 months. Multiple studies have demonstrated a decline in the quality of cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) performed as soon as 3-month post-training. The 'Resuscitation Quality Improvement' (RQI) programme is a quarterly low-dose, high-frequency training, based around the use of manikins connected to a cart providing real-time and summative feedback.

Defining and measuring quality in acute paediatric trauma stabilisation: a phenomenographic study.

Objectives: Trauma is the leading cause of death in children. The lack of an accepted definition of what constitutes a high-quality stabilisation of a traumatically injured child has limited the evaluation of direct interventions in simulation-based education and service-delivery models to improve trauma care. The aim of this study was to create a framework that delineates quality by exploring the perceptions of the multi-disciplinary team providing and improving this initial care.

Evidence based medicine methods (part 2): extension into the clinical area.

The principles of evidence-based medicine (EBM) applied to pediatric anesthesia could result in a potent educational tool. At present there is a limited structured evidence base to pediatric anesthesia. However, the wide array of pediatric anesthetic research and clinical practice itself are well suited to the principles of EBM.

Evidence based medicine methods (part 1): the basics.

Evidence based medicine (EBM) is a potent patient centered clinical learning strategy. EBM facilitates efficient robust decision making on an individual patient basis. It provides the framework and tools to rapidly and effectively find answers to specific clinical questions and educate others.