A theory of eu-estrogenemia: a unifying concept.

Objective: The aim of the study was to propose a unifying theory for the role of estrogen in postmenopausal women through examples in basic science, randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and clinical practice.

Methods: Review and evaluation of the literature relating to estrogen.

Discussion: The role of hormone therapy and ubiquitous estrogen receptors after reproductive senescence gains insight from basic science models.

Renal stones, timing hypothesis, and eu-estrogenemia.

Objective: The aim of this study was to apply the theory of the timing hypothesis to the data presented on the incidence of renal stones in the Women's Health Initiative and the theory of eu-estrogenemia.

Methods: The study is a review of the literature on the theory of renal stone formation and postmenopausal women, including data from the Nurses' Health Study and the Women's Health Initiative.

Results: The analysis of the hazard ratios and CIs of renal stones in the Women's Health Initiative shows that specific subgroups are affected.