Patient-derived organoid model of olfactory ensheathing cell tumor.

We developed a culture model of a human olfactory ensheathing cell tumor. Cultured organoids resemble normal ensheathing cells. Assays suggest that this model provides a tool for studying the roles of these glial cells in the maintenance of the peripheral olfactory system.

Impact of Intra-Phenotypic Nasal Vestibular Variation on Local Airflow Dynamics.

Objectives: Many individuals with healthy normal nasal anatomy and function exhibit a prominent notch indentation at the junction of the ala and sidewall, specifically around the anterior-superior region of the unilateral nasal vestibule up to the internal nasal valve. This study evaluates the influence of various sizes of notched indentations at the anterior nasal airway on local airflow pattern.

Methods: A retrospective study involving 25 healthy individuals, each exhibiting at least one unilateral notched indentation (40 total airways).

The lateral based nasopharyngeal flap: A novel vascularized flap for skull base reconstruction.

As the indications for endoscopic skull base approaches have increased, so has the need for more versatile vascularized flaps for skull base reconstruction. Here, we describe a novel lateral based nasopharyngeal flap (LNPF). Two cadaver heads were dissected to elucidate flap anatomy, dimensions, and technique.

Olfactory neuroblastoma mimics molecular heterogeneity and lineage trajectories of small-cell lung cancer.

The olfactory epithelium undergoes neuronal regeneration from basal stem cells and is susceptible to olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB), a rare tumor of unclear origins. Employing alterations in Rb1/Trp53/Myc (RPM), we establish a genetically engineered mouse model of high-grade metastatic ONB exhibiting a NEUROD1 immature neuronal phenotype. We demonstrate that globose basal cells (GBCs) are a permissive cell of origin for ONB and that ONBs exhibit cell fate heterogeneity that mimics normal GBC developmental trajectories.

Barosinusitis due to routine weather changes: A cross-sectional analysis of public websites.

Background: Sinusitis is a common diagnosis that can be erroneously associated with routine weather-related barometric pressure changes. In actuality, these pressure changes likely exacerbate migraine headaches, which can cause facial pain and pressure rather than true sinus inflammation.

Objective: The present study sought to characterize the representation of both sinusitis and migraine in association with barometric pressure changes across websites on the Internet.

Treatment of unilateral olfactory neuroblastoma: Appropriate extent of surgical resection and potential for olfactory preservation.

Historically, comprehensive surgical resection for olfactory neuroblastoma has included the bilateral olfactory epithelium, cribriform plate, overlying dura, olfactory bulbs and tracts. This results in postoperative anosmia that may significantly impact a patient's quality of life without definitive added benefit in survival. The prevalence of occult intracranial disease is low, especially for Hyams grade I and II tumors.

Predictors of Non-Rhinogenic Facial Pain or Pressure in Otolaryngology Clinic.

Objectives: Identify demographic and clinical characteristics that may help differentiate non-rhinogenic facial pain or pressure (NRFP) from sinusitis.

Study Design: Retrospective single-institution study.

Setting: Tertiary Care Center Rhinology Clinic.

Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Case Presentation and Literature Review of Treatment Innovation with Immunotherapy.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a rare head and neck malignancy, arises from the epithelial lining of nasopharyngeal mucosa. The confluence of various risk factors, such as latent Epstein-Barr virus infection, genetic susceptibility, smoking, alcohol consumption, and high nitrosamine diet, is thought to contribute to NPC pathogenesis. Radiation therapy serves as the mainstay of treatment for early stage while concurrent chemotherapy and radiation are the basis of treatment for locoregional advanced disease with overall 80% five-year survival rate.

Preparation of Human Olfactory Epithelial Biopsies for Downstream Analysis.

The olfactory mucosa, lining a portion of the nasal cavity, houses the primary olfactory sensory neurons responsible for odor transduction, along with supporting cell populations. Tremendous advances have come from studying the peripheral olfactory system in animal models, especially the mouse. However, acquired human olfactory disorders lack effective therapies, and many of these conditions involve pathology in the olfactory mucosa.

Use of Tympanostomy T-Tube for Endoscopic Endonasal Marsupialization of Small Rathke's Cleft Cysts: A Case Series.

 This article describes a novel technique implementing the use of a tympanostomy t-tube to provide long-term marsupialization of small Rathke's cleft cysts (RCCs).  A retrospective review of electronic medical records was performed to collect demographic and clinical data on a series of four patients.  Academic medical center.

Deconstructing Olfactory Epithelium Developmental Pathways in Olfactory Neuroblastoma.

Unlabelled: Olfactory neuroblastoma is a rare tumor arising from the olfactory cleft region of the nasal cavity. Because of the low incidence of this tumor, as well as an absence of established cell lines and murine models, understanding the mechanisms driving olfactory neuroblastoma pathobiology has been challenging. Here, we sought to apply advances from research on the human olfactory epithelial neurogenic niche, along with new biocomputational approaches, to better understand the cellular and molecular factors in low- and high-grade olfactory neuroblastoma and how specific transcriptomic markers may predict prognosis.

Safety and Feasibility of Steroid-Eluting Stent as a Bolster in Endoscopic Anterior Skull Base Reconstruction.

Background: With a rising incidence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks, endoscopic endonasal CSF leak repair is increasingly performed. Current approaches utilize a variety of materials including free mucosal grafts and vascularized flaps, but post-op leaks continue to be reported. Steroid-eluting bioabsorbable stents (SES) are used during functional endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis to reduce inflammation and scarring while maintaining patency of sinus ostia.

Characterizing Olfactory Dysfunction in Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip Nasal Deformities.

Unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity (uCLND) is associated with olfactory dysfunction, but the underlying etiology remains poorly understood. To investigate the etiology of uCLND-associated olfactory dysfunction using clinical, computational, and histologic assessments. Inclusion criteria: uCLND patients >16 years undergoing septorhinoplasty.

Preoperative Embolization Techniques in the Treatment of Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma: A Systematic Review.

Objective: Preoperative embolization has proven beneficial in the surgical treatment of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas (JNA). However, the consensus for the best embolization practices remains unclear. This systematic review seeks to characterize the reporting of embolization protocols throughout the literature and to compare differences in surgical outcomes.

Retrospective Review of Surgical Site Infections after Endoscopic Endonasal Sellar and Parasellar Surgery: Multicenter Quality Data from the North American Skull Base Society.

 Transnasal access to the anterior skull base provides a minimally invasive approach for sellar and parasellar masses compared with its open counterparts. The unique microbiome of the sinonasal mucosa provides distinct challenges not encountered with other cranial approaches. The use of antibiotics in these cases has not been standardized, and data remain scarce regarding infectious outcomes.

Nasal Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Factors Associated With Treatment Outcomes and Potential Organ Preservation.

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal cavity (NCSCC) is a rare, challenging malignancy. Surgical resection of this tumor can cause significant facial deformity, and indications for adjuvant or organ preservation therapies are not well-described.

Objective: To examine the impact of treatment regimen on survival outcomes in NCSCC and to compare surgical to non-surgical based therapies.

Rapid tissue prototyping with micro-organospheres.

In vitro tissue models hold great promise for modeling diseases and drug responses. Here, we used emulsion microfluidics to form micro-organospheres (MOSs), which are droplet-encapsulated miniature three-dimensional (3D) tissue models that can be established rapidly from patient tissues or cells. MOSs retain key biological features and responses to chemo-, targeted, and radiation therapies compared with organoids.

Endoscopic Sinus Surgery in Older Patients With Significant Medical Comorbidities.

Background: Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) offers excellent outcomes for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in the general population. It is unclear whether older patients with significant medical comorbidities experience similar benefits.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether increasing medical comorbidity is associated with worse sinonasal quality of life outcomes after ESS in older patients.

Persistent post-COVID-19 smell loss is associated with inflammatory infiltration and altered olfactory epithelial gene expression.

Most human subjects infected by SARS-CoV-2 report an acute alteration in their sense of smell, and more than 25% of COVID patients report lasting olfactory dysfunction. While animal studies and human autopsy tissues have suggested mechanisms underlying acute loss of smell, the pathophysiology that underlies persistent smell loss remains unclear. Here we combine objective measurements of smell loss in patients suffering from post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) with single cell sequencing and histology of the olfactory epithelium (OE).

Aging-related olfactory loss is associated with olfactory stem cell transcriptional alterations in humans.

BACKGROUNDPresbyosmia, or aging-related olfactory loss, occurs in a majority of humans over age 65 years, yet remains poorly understood, with no specific treatment options. The olfactory epithelium (OE) is the peripheral organ for olfaction and is subject to acquired damage, suggesting a likely site of pathology in aging. Adult stem cells reconstitute the neuroepithelium in response to cell loss under normal conditions.

Sinus headache: changing the treatment paradigm.

Purpose Of Review: Although the majority of patients with sinus headache do not have rhinosinusitis, many patients will unnecessarily undergo work-up and treatment for rhinosinusitis. This leads to a significant cost burden to the healthcare system. In the era of value-based care, more effective management paradigms need to be developed for sinus headache.

Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Cystic Fibrosis: Variables Influencing Sinonasal and Pulmonary Outcomes.

Background: Endoscopic sinus surgery is a well-established treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis in patients with cystic fibrosis, though its benefits seem to be limited to improving sinonasal symptoms rather than affecting lung function.

Objective: This study aims to identify clinical and demographic factors that may influence sinonasal and pulmonary outcomes after surgery.

Methods: This is a six-year retrospective analysis of adult cystic fibrosis patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery at a tertiary care center.