Pitfalls in Cytological Diagnosis of Extra Adrenal Paraganglioma and Pheochromocytoma: Experience From a Tertiary Care Center.

Background: Pheochromocytoma and extra-adrenal paragangliomas increasingly coming into light nowadays because of improved imaging techniques and biochemical investigations. There is sparse literature available regarding cytological findings of adrenal and extra-adrenal paragangliomas.

Material And Methods: We studied 16 cytological specimens retrospectively over a period of 3 years, where subsequent histological diagnosis of phaeochromocytoma or paraganglioma was available.

Biliary atresia with splenic malformation with associated ductal plate malformation and duodenal atresia: A case report.

Biliary atresia (BA) is the most common cause of the obstructive type of neonatal cholestasis that requires prompt surgical intervention. About 10% of neonates with BA have other congenital anomalies, of which splenic malformation (BASM) is a well-known distinct sub-group. There is sparse literature on the association of duodenal atresia and ductal plate malformation (DPM) in patients of BASM.

Interlinked switch circuits of biological intelligence.

Eukaryotic cells learn and adapt via unknown network architectures. Recent work demonstrated a circuit of two GTPases used by cells to overcome growth factor scarcity, encouraging our view that artificial and biological intelligence share strikingly similar design principles and that cells function as deep reinforcement learning (RL) agents in uncertain environments.

Labial Lipoblastoma in an Infant: An Uncommon Tumor at an Uncommon Site.

Lipoblastoma and lipoblastomatosis are benign fatty tumors of soft tissues that are unique to childhood. Occurrence of lipoblastoma in the labial region is infrequent and can cause diagnostic dilemma. Awareness about this entity is important to avoid hazardous treatment in young children.

Yolk Sac Tumour Arising in the Glans Penis an Achondroplasic Child: A Case Report with Summary of Prior Published Cases.

Background: Yolk sac tumors (YST) are commonly encountered gonadal germ cell tumors in children, especially in the prepubertal age group. In addition to gonadal primary, it can occur in multiple extragonadal sites, of which sacrococcygeal, retroperitoneum, gastric and mediastinum are the commonest. There are 4 previous reports of primary penile YST.

Small Molecular Antimicrobial Ligands of YspD are Potential Therapeutic Agents Against Infection.

Unlabelled: YspD is a hydrophilic translocator forming the platform for assemblage of functional translocon. Exposure to the extra-cellular milieu makes YspD a potential therapeutic target. DoGSiteScorer predicted best druggable pocket (P0) within YspD, encompassing predominantly the -terminal helical bundles and the long helices-9 & 5.

Extralobar Pulmonary Sequestration in Adrenal Mimicking Neuroblastoma: A Case Report.

Extralobar pulmonary sequestration (ELS) is a malformation composed of bronchopulmonary tissue outside the lungs that is discontinuous from the main tracheobronchial tree. ELS can present as a suprarenal space occupying lesion.  A 1-day old girl presented with a right supra-adrenal mass, first detected in-utero at 34 weeks.

Effects of starch-rich or fat-rich diets on metabolism, adiposity, and glycemia in immune-biased, C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice.

Diet maintains health by regulating host metabolism and immunity. The results revealed the consequence of starch-, unsaturated fat-, and saturated fat-rich diets on differentially immune-biased mice C57BL/6 and BALB/c. Time-course of various diets on differentially immune-biased mice revealed that starch-rich and unsaturated fat-rich diets reduced insulin resistance (IR) and visceral adiposity in BALB/c mice while a saturated fat-rich diet enhanced both parameters.

An Overview on the Therapeutic Function of Foods Enriched with Plant Sterols in Diabetes Management.

Diabetes is one of the most significant health issues across the world. People identified with diabetes are more vulnerable to various infections and are at a greater risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. The plant-based food we consume often contains many sterol-based bioactive compounds.

Endocrine Disruptors-'Food' for Thought.

Green vegetables, fruits, cereals, and pulses are all rich sources of antioxidants. Retinoic acid, ascorbate, proanthocyanidins, tannins, saponins, melatonin, curcumin, allicin, and alpha-lipoic acid stand documented in plants as bioactive compounds. The international dietary committee advocates a specific quantum of these natural antioxidants through diet.

Effects of two potential probiotic Lactobacillus bacteria on adipogenesis in vitro.

Aims: Overweight is a major global health problem. Various methodologies to get rid of the extra fat are available, but usually, those are associated with adverse side effects. Probiotics, on the contrary, seem to have the potential to help reduce fat accumulation without much apparent adversity.

Macrophage plays important role in cortisol and serotonin induced adipogenesis in vitro.

Psychological stress is an important cause to induce various metabolic disorders such as obesity, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders by affecting the visceral adipose tissue. Pathophysiology of these diseases is often accompanied by the hyperactive immune system. The hyperactive immune system causes immune cells to infiltrate in the adipose tissue to increase the severity of metabolic disorders and to affect the levels of stress associated hormones, such as cortisol and serotonin.

GG reverses mortality of neonatal mice against challenge.

Pathogenic infection is one of the major causes of death in newborns. Antibiotic based therapies are still the major mode of treatment for infection. Increased usage of antibiotics leads to selective evolution of microorganisms and causes diseases in adulthood.

Melatonin protects against chromium (VI) induced hepatic oxidative stress and toxicity: Duration dependent study with realistic dosage.

The present study was undertaken to assess the degree of oxidative stress and toxic effects induced by chromium on hepatic tissue in male Wistar rats exposed to a realistic dosage of Cr(VI) (20 mg/kg/b.w./day) through drinking water, based on the levels of these metals found in the environment, for a duration of 15, 30 and 60 days.

A combination of melatonin and alpha lipoic acid has greater cardioprotective effect than either of them singly against cadmium-induced oxidative damage.

Present study evaluates cardioprotective role of melatonin (Mel), alpha lipoic acid (ALA), a combination of melatonin and alpha lipoic acid (Mel + ALA) against cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative damage. Female albino rats were subjected to 15-day exposure to Cd (5.12 mg/kg bw) alone or treated with ML (10 mg/kg bw) + ALA (25 mg/kg bw) simultaneously.