Fish Oil and Cardiometabolic Diseases: Recent Updates and Controversies.

Fatty acids derived from fish oil are long-chain omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids. The important polyunsaturated fatty acids of fish oil are eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid. For decades, there has been a debate about the use of omega-3 fatty acids and their benefits on cardiovascular health.

Ranolazine: Multifaceted Role beyond Coronary Artery Disease, a Recent Perspective.

Ranolazine is a piperazine derivative approved as an antianginal. Primarily used as a second-line antianginal in stable coronary artery disease. Ranolazine blocks the late Na + current and prevents the rise of cytosolic calcium.

Significance of Pulmonary Hypertension in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most prevalent hereditary cardiac disease characterized by the presence of left ventricular and/or septal hypertrophy in the absence of other underlying cardiac disorders. Patients of HCM have a broad range of clinical presentation from being asymptomatic to severely ill condition requires hospitalization and urgent management. Broadly, HCM is classified in two variants: obstructive and nonobstructive.

Role of Ranolazine in cardiovascular disease and diabetes: Exploring beyond angina.

Ranolazine was FDA approved for chronic angina in 2006. Since then, there has been extensive research involving this drug. The mechanism of action, debatable at the time of approval, has been demonstrated.

Serelaxin in acute heart failure: Most recent update on clinical and preclinical evidence.

Heart failure continues to be a widely prevalent disease across the world, affecting millions of Americans annually. Acute heart failure (AHF) has a substantial effect on rising healthcare costs and is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality. The search for new drugs for symptom relief and to improve long-term outcomes in heart failure has led to development of serelaxin, a recombinant human relaxin-2 hormone.

Specific antidotes against direct oral anticoagulants: A comprehensive review of clinical trials data.

The Vitamin K antagonist warfarin was the only oral anticoagulant available for decades for the treatment of thrombosis and prevention of thromboembolism until Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs); a group of new oral anticoagulants got approved in the last few years. Direct thrombin inhibitor: dabigatran and factor Xa inhibitors: apixaban, rivaroxaban, and edoxaban directly inhibit the coagulation cascade. DOACs have many advantages over warfarin.

Cardiovascular outcomes of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors: A comprehensive review of clinical and preclinical studies.

Diabetes is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Management of diabetes is changing at a rapid pace. Three new classes of antidiabetic drugs including GLP-1 (Glucagon-like peptide 1), DPP-IV (Dipeptidyl peptidase IV) and SGLT2 (Sodium glucose cotransporter 2) inhibitors have been approved in the last few years.

Perception, attitude and usage of complementary and alternative medicine among doctors and patients in a tertiary care hospital in India.

Aim: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has been practiced in India for thousands of years. The aim of this study was to determine the extent of use, perception and attitude of doctors and patients utilizing the same healthcare facility.

Methods: This study was conducted among 200 doctors working at a tertiary care teaching Hospital, India and 403 patients attending the same, to determine the extent of usage, attitude and perception toward CAM.

Effect of addition of either sitagliptin or pioglitazone in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus on metformin: A randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To compare and study the dipeptidy1 peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors in combination with metformin against established combination therapies.

Materials And Methods: This 16-week study was designed to compare sitagliptin versus pioglitazone as add-on therapy in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with metformin alone. Fifty-two patients were randomized into two groups to receive either sitagliptin 100 mg (group 1) or pioglitazone 30 mg (group 2) in addition to metformin.

Current status of CETP inhibitors in the treatment of hyperlipidemia: an update.

Introduction: The inverse relationship between HDL-C and cardiovascular disease risk suggests that increasing HDL-C could potentially reduce the disease risk. Reverse cholesterol transport is considered to be the primary mechanism by which HDL-C exerts its anti-atherogenic effects. A key regulator of RCT is cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP).

SGLT2 inhibitors: a new emerging therapeutic class in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide. The existing therapeutic classes of antidiabetic drugs are not adequately effective in maintaining long-term glycemic control in most patients, even when used in combination. One emerging novel therapeutic class of antidiabetic drugs is sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors.

Recent advances in antiretroviral drugs.

Importance Of The Field: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Although the combination therapies of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) have significantly contributed to virological suppression, improved immune function and quality of life, issues such as tolerability, drug-drug interactions and cross-resistance amongst members of a particular drug class still pose a significant barrier to long-term successful treatment. There is a constant need for newer anti HIV drugs with increased potency and improved pharmacokinetic properties either in the existing classes or drugs from new classes that target several new steps in HIV replication cycle.