The identification of a Distinct Astrocyte Subtype that Diminishes in Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of two hallmark pathologies: the accumulation of Amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau proteins in the brain. There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that astrocytes, a type of glial cell in the brain, play crucial roles in clearing Aβ and binding to tau proteins. However, due to the heterogeneity of astrocytes, the specific roles of different astrocyte subpopulations in response to Aβ and tau remain unclear.

Efficacy of Intraoperative Periarticular Local Infiltration for Pain Control and Ambulation in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Case-Control Study.

Introduction: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a leading operative procedure for late-stage knee osteoarthritis. The cornerstone of a successful TKA is swift and effective rehabilitation to achieve a pain-free and good range of motion. Pain post-replacement hinders an effective rehabilitation protocol.

Photonic-crystal-based high-performance ring resonator using a topological interface state: design and analysis.

We propose a photonic crystal ring resonator for the enhancement of quality factor that supports two-dimensionally bounded topological edge states. Crystal parameters are obtained through finite-difference time-domain numerical simulation to get the enhanced quality factor using the topological properties of the photonic crystal. Topological edge states are created when two regions with dissimilar band topologies come together at an interface and are contained within a slab of dielectric material.

Glial progenitor heterogeneity and key regulators revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing provide insight to regeneration in spinal cord injury.

Recent studies have revealed the heterogeneous nature of astrocytes; however, how diverse constituents of astrocyte-lineage cells are regulated in adult spinal cord after injury and contribute to regeneration remains elusive. We perform single-cell RNA sequencing of GFAP-expressing cells from sub-chronic spinal cord injury models and identify and compare with the subpopulations in acute-stage data. We find subpopulations with distinct functional enrichment and their identities defined by subpopulation-specific transcription factors and regulons.

An innate pathogen sensing strategy involving ubiquitination of bacterial surface proteins.

Sensing of pathogens by ubiquitination is a critical arm of cellular immunity. However, universal ubiquitination targets on microbes remain unidentified. Here, using in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies, we identify the first protein-based ubiquitination substrates on phylogenetically diverse bacteria by unveiling a strategy that uses recognition of degron-like motifs.

Microring resonator-based all-optical parallel pseudo random binary sequence generator for rate multiplication.

In this paper, we design an all-optical Pseudo Random Binary Sequence (PRBS) generator in parallel configuration for operating rate multiplication purposes. The sequential circuit comprises of several clocked D flip-flops, XOR gates and multiplexers implemented using microring resonator (MRR)-based switches. The proposed design is demonstrated and validated through simulations for 500 Gb/s and 400 Gb/s rate doubling and quadrupling, respectively, of a 5-bit degree PRBS.

vp1524, a Vibrio parahaemolyticus NAD +-dependent deacetylase, regulates host response during infection by induction of host histone deacetylation.

Gram-negative intracellular pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus manifests its infection through a series of effector proteins released into the host via the type III secretion system. Most of these effector proteins alter signalling pathways of the host to facilitate survival and proliferation of bacteria inside host cells. Here, we report V.

Usage of Accessory Anteromedial Portal for Anatomical Placement of Femoral Tunnel in Transportal Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Prospective Study.

Background and objective The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) has an essential role in preserving the function and stability of the knee joint. It acts primarily to prevent anterior tibial translation. Arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using quadrupled hamstring graft is the widely practiced modality for treating ACL injuries nowadays.

Giant Ewing's Sarcoma of the Body of the Scapula.

Introduction: Ewing sarcoma is a malignant neoplasm occurring usually in bones such as femur, tibia, and iliac wing. We are here reporting a case of same arising from scapula. Of all the tumors arising from scapula, Ewing's sarcoma contributed to only 8%.

Multi-target inhibition ability of neohesperidin dictates its neuroprotective activity: Implication in Alzheimer's disease therapeutics.

The polygenic nature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cross-talk between several signaling cascades make it harder to decode the disease pathogenesis. β-secretase (BACE1) works upstream in the amyloidogenic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) to generate Aβ that rapidly aggregates to form fibrils, the most abundant component of plaques observed in AD brains. Here, we report dual inhibition of BACE1 and Aβ aggregation by neohesperidin, a flavonoid glycoconjugate, using multi-spectroscopic approaches, force microscopy, molecular modeling, and validated the potency in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell lines.

Iron chelator Deferoxamine protects human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y from 6-Hydroxydopamine-induced apoptosis and autophagy dysfunction.

Background: Intracellular iron involves in Fenton's reaction-mediated Hydroxyl radical (OH·) generation by reacting with the neurotoxic agent 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) autoxidation derivative Hydrogen Peroxide (HO). Several studies have been conducted so far on the neuroprotective activities of the iron chelator Deferoxamine (DFO) but little or no clear evidence about the underlying cellular mechanism is available.

Methods: The present study was conducted on Human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y in the absence or presence of 6-OHDA or HO and / or DFO.

Iron-Induced Apoptotic Cell Death and Autophagy Dysfunction in Human Neuroblastoma Cell Line SH-SY5Y.

Iron accumulation plays a major role in neuronal cell death which has severe effects on mental health like neurodegenerative disorders. The present work aims to explore the involvement of molecular pathways involved in iron-mediated neuronal cell death using Ferric Ammonium Citrate (FAC) as a source of iron to treat neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. In this study, it was found that cytotoxicity induced by iron treatment is highly correlated with enhanced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and loss of mitochondrial integrity.

Amelioration of cyclophosphamide induced myelosuppression and oxidative stress by cinnamic acid.

Cinnamic acid (C9H8O2), is a major constituent of the oriental Ayurvedic plant Cinnamomum cassia (Family: Lauraceae). This phenolic acid has been reported to possess various pharmacological properties of which its antioxidant activity is a prime one. Therefore it is rational to hypothesize that it may ameliorate myelosuppression and oxidative stress induced by cyclophosphamide, a widely used chemotherapeutic agent.