Intravitreal Topotecan for Vitreous Seeds in Retinoblastoma: A Long-term Review of 91 Eyes.

Purpose: To study the long-term efficacy of intravitreal topotecan (IVT) for vitreous seeds in eyes with retinoblastoma and risk factors for their recurrence.

Design: Retrospective, non-comparative, interventional study.

Participants: Ninety-one eyes of 90 patients with retinoblastoma treated between January 2013 and April 2019.

Integrated Omic Analysis Delineates Pathways Modulating Toxic TDP-43 Protein Aggregates in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a multi-systemic, incurable, amyloid disease affecting the motor neurons, resulting in the death of patients. The disease is either sporadic or familial with SOD1, C9orf72, FUS, and TDP-43 constituting the majority of familial ALS. Multi-omics studies on patients and model systems like mice and yeast have helped in understanding the association of various signaling and metabolic pathways with the disease.

Vitamin B B and folate modulate deregulated pathways and protein aggregation in yeast model of Huntington disease.

Unlabelled: Huntington's disease (HD) is an incurable and progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting the basal ganglia of the brain. HD is caused due to expansion of the polyglutamine tract in the protein Huntingtin resulting in aggregates. The increased PolyQ length results in aggregation of protein Huntingtin leading to neuronal cell death.

Integrated multi-omic data analysis and validation with yeast model show oxidative phosphorylation modulates protein aggregation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is a progressive, incurable amyloid aggregating neurodegenerative disease involving the motor neurons. Identifying potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets can assist in the better management of the disease. We used an integrative approach encompassing analysis of transcriptomic datasets of human and mice from the GEO database.

Long term outcome of adjuvant photodynamic therapy after cyberknife radiotherapy for choroidal melanoma.

Purpose: To report the outcome of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for choroidal melanoma as adjuvant treatment with CyberKnife radiotherapy.

Design: Retrospective interventional case series.

Methods: Standard-fluence PDT using verteporfin.

A fungal epidemic amidst a viral pandemic: Risk factors for development of COVID-19 associated rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis in India.

Purpose: To study the risk factors for development of COVID-19 associated rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) during the COVID-19 pandemic in India.

Methods: Multi-centric retrospective case-control study conducted from October 2020 to May 2021. Cases comprised of consecutive patients of COVID-19-associated ROCM (CA-ROCM) presenting at the participating ophthalmic institutes.

Histopathology-guided management of ocular surface squamous neoplasia with corneal stromal or scleral invasion using ruthenium-106 plaque brachytherapy.

Background/aim: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of ruthenium-106 (Ru-106) plaque brachytherapy in managing invasive ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN).

Methods: This is a retrospective, non-comparative, interventional case series of 42 eyes with OSSN with histopathologically-proven corneal stromal and/or scleral invasion that underwent Ru-106 plaque brachytherapy. Main outcome measures were tumour regression, eye salvage, final visual acuity, treatment complications and metastasis.

Impact of COVID-19 nationwide lockdown on retinoblastoma treatment and outcome: A study of 476 eyes of 326 children.

Purpose: The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and the resultant nationwide lockdown and travel restrictions led to difficulty in providing timely and regular treatment to patients with childhood cancers such as retinoblastoma. This study is aimed at assessing the demography, clinical presentation, treatment strategies, and outcome of treatment defaulters due to the lockdown.

Methods: Cross-sectional, observational study of retinoblastoma patients at a tertiary care ocular oncology center during the first wave of COVID-19 and the resulting nationwide lockdown.

Magnetic resonance imaging of the orbit, Part 2: Characterization of orbital pathologies.

In this article we focus on a systematic approach to assess common orbital lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The identification of the probable compartment or structure of origin helps narrow the differential diagnosis of a lesion. Analyzing the morphology, appearance, and signal intensity on various sequences, the pattern, and degree of contrast enhancement are key to characterize lesions on MRI.

Magnetic resonance imaging of the orbit, Part 1: Basic principles and radiological approach.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an eloquent, noninvasive, cross-sectional imaging modality that offers superior tissue characterization of orbital pathologies. The ophthalmologist needs to be aware of the advantages of MRI and its step-wise interpretation in liaison with a radiologist to optimize patient outcomes. In this review, we discuss the basic principles of MRI, some of the commonly used sequences and protocols, the anatomy of the orbit on MRI, and an approach to radiological interpretation.

Orbital infarction syndrome secondary to rhino-orbital mucormycosis in a case of COVID-19: Clinico-radiological features.

Orbital infarction syndrome is an uncommon pathology with devastating consequences. It is frequently secondary to atherothrombotic phenomena in the internal carotid artery. We report a case of a 66-year-old male with uncontrolled diabetes and use of systemic steroids for COVID-19, who presented with a sudden loss of vision in the left eye, with total ophthalmoplegia and diffuse opacification of the retina.

Outcomes of Intravenous Chemotherapy (Chemoreduction) for Retinoblastoma Based on Patient Age in 964 Eyes of 554 Patients.

Purpose: To evaluate retinoblastoma control after intravenous chemotherapy (chemoreduction) by patient age at presentation.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Methods: This study included 964 eyes of 554 patients treated with chemoreduction at Ocular Oncology Service at Wills Eye Hospital.

Classification of Grain Amaranths Using Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly of Ramdana, .

In the age of genomics-based crop improvement, a high-quality genome of a local landrace adapted to the local environmental conditions is critically important. Grain amaranths produce highly nutritional grains with a multitude of desirable properties including C4 photosynthesis highly sought-after in other crops. For improving the agronomic traits of grain amaranth and for the transfer of desirable traits to dicot crops, a reference genome of a local landrace is necessary.

Risk Factors for Tumor Recurrence Following Primary Intravenous Chemotherapy (Chemoreduction) for Retinoblastoma in 869 Eyes of 551 Patients.

Purpose: To identify risk factors for retinoblastoma recurrence following chemoreduction.

Methods: This was a retrospective review of patients with retinoblastoma treated from 1994 to 2019 using chemoreduction with analysis for recurrence using Kaplan-Meier, Cox regression, and logistic regression.

Results: There were 869 eyes of 551 patients with retinoblastoma treated with chemoreduction.

Mechanism of inhibition of aflatoxin synthesis by non-aflatoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus.

Aflatoxins are toxic secondary metabolites primarily produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. paraciticus. Exposure to these mycotoxins through contaminated food and feed may cause oxidative stress and liver toxicity in animals.

Molecular profile of non-aflatoxigenic phenotype in native strains of Aspergillus flavus.

Aflatoxins are the most common mycotoxin contaminant reported in food and feed. Aflatoxin B, the most toxic among different aflatoxins, is known to cause hepatocellular carcinoma in animals. Aspergillus flavus and A.

Long-term (20-year) real-world outcomes of intravenous chemotherapy (chemoreduction) for retinoblastoma in 964 eyes of 554 patients at a single centre.

Background: Intravenous chemotherapy (IVC) remains an important globe salvage therapy for retinoblastoma.

Methods: Evaluation of long-term globe salvage at 5, 10, 15 and 20 years following frontline IVC for retinoblastoma.

Results: Of 994 eyes, comparison by International Classification of Retinoblastoma group (A vs B vs C vs D vs E) revealed more advanced group with older mean age at presentation (8 vs 7 vs 10 vs 11 vs 15 months, p<0.

Multifocal choroidal melanoma in oculodermal melanocytosis in an Asian Indian.

A 51-year-old Asian Indian male with right oculodermal melanocytosis presented with a blurred visual acuity of 20/40. Upon fundus examination, he was discovered to have two independent pigmented choroidal melanomas in the temporal juxtapapillary region and inferiorly, in the region of trace clinical sectoral choroidal melanocytosis. The patient underwent enucleation, and on histopathology the two tumors were found to be in the area of choroidal melanocytosis, in continuity with each other.

Primary lacrimal gland teratoma in an adult: A clinicopathologic and radiological correlation.

A 20-year-old male presented with a gradually growing mass in the left lateral brow region for 2 years. On imaging, the mass appeared to arise from the lacrimal gland, was cystic, without any bony abnormality. With a diagnosis of dermoid cyst, an excision biopsy was performed.

External dacryocystorhinostomy conventional surgery versus Pawar implant: A comparative study.

Purpose: External dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) surgeries are cost-effective with excellent success rates. The present study was designed to compare the safety and efficacy of conventional external DCR versus external DCR using Pawar silicone implant in chronic dacryocystitis.

Methods: This is a prospective, comparative, interventional case series over a period of 18 months with patients managed by external DCR surgery with and without Pawar implant.

Primary orbital low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma - A case report.

An 18-year-old female presented with rapidly progressive proptosis of the left eye for one month and grade II relative afferent pupillary defect. Orbital imaging showed a well-defined homogenous extraconal mass in close relation to the lateral rectus muscle and extending up to the superior orbital fissure, associated with bony erosion. An incisional biopsy was performed, with the histopathology demonstrating stellate to spindle-shaped tumor cells (fibroblasts) embedded in a richly myxoid matrix.

Preservation of retinoblastoma group E eyes with neovascular glaucoma using intravenous chemotherapy: risk factors and outcomes.

Background/aim: To report the outcomes of retinoblastoma group E eyes with neovascular glaucoma (NVG) treated conservatively with intravenous chemotherapy and investigate factors associated with eye salvage and secondary enucleation.

Methods: This is a retrospective, comparative, interventional case series. The outcome measures were life salvage, eye salvage and vision salvage.