Integrating early stimulation and play at scale: study protocol for "MAHAY Mikolo", a multi-arm cluster-randomized controlled trial.

Background: Hundreds of millions of children living in poverty worldwide are not reaching their full, developmental potential. Programs to promote nurturing and responsive caregiving, such as those in which community health workers (CHWs) conduct home visits to support optimal early childhood development (ECD), have been effective in small trials, but have not achieved similar success at scale. This study will explore two approaches to scale-up: converting a home-visiting model to a group-based model; and integrating the ECD curriculum into an existing government program.

[Acute kidney injury and severe malaria in adults: A monocentric descriptive study in Madagascar using KDIGO criteria].

Introduction: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is one of the criteria for severe malaria with a varied incidence. Our objectives are to determine the prevalence of malaria-associated AKI and to report the characteristics of patients with the evolution of cases.

Patients And Method: This is a 5-year retrospective descriptive study from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019 in the Infectious Diseases department of the University Hospital Center of Befelatanana Antananarivo.

[Neonatal prognosis for pulsating umbilical cord prolapse at the Befelatanana hospital of Madagascar].

Unlabelled: Umbilical cord prolapse is an obstetrical emergency that is life-threatening for the fetus. This retrospective cross-sectional study examined cases of pulsating umbilical cord prolapses at our level-3 maternity unit over the past three years and sought to assess their prognosis. Cord prolapse occurred in 0.

[Impact of excessive weight gain during pregnancy on maternal and fetal outcome at the Yaoundé Women's and Children's Hospital (Cameroon)].

Unlabelled: Excessive weight gain (EWG) during pregnancy can cause maternal and fetal complications. It has not yet been studied in our social environment, however.

Objectives: Our study aimed to describe maternal and fetal outcome in women gaining excessive weight during pregnancy in Cameroon.

CHEMO-hydrodynamic coupling between forced advection in porous media and self-sustained chemical waves.

Autocatalytic reaction fronts between two reacting species in the absence of fluid flow, propagate as solitary waves. The coupling between autocatalytic reaction front and forced simple hydrodynamic flows leads to stationary fronts whose velocity and shape depend on the underlying flow field. We address the issue of the chemico-hydrodynamic coupling between forced advection in porous media and self-sustained chemical waves.

Lock-exchange experiments with an autocatalytic reaction front.

A viscous lock-exchange gravity current corresponds to the reciprocal exchange of two fluids of different densities in a horizontal channel. The resulting front between the two fluids spreads as the square root of time, with a diffusion coefficient reflecting the buoyancy, viscosity, and geometrical configuration of the current. On the other hand, an autocatalytic reaction front between a reactant and a product may propagate as a solitary wave, namely, at a constant velocity and with a stationary concentration profile, resulting from the balance between molecular diffusion and chemical reaction.

Numerical simulations of a buoyant autocatalytic reaction front in tilted Hele-Shaw cells.

We present a numerical analysis of solutal buoyancy effects on the shape and the velocity of autocatalytic reaction fronts, propagating in thin tilted rectangular channels. We use two-dimensional (2D) lattice Bathnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) numerical simulations of gap-averaged equations for the flow and the concentration, namely a Stokes-Darcy equation coupled with an advection-diffusion-reaction equation. We do observe stationary-shaped fronts, spanning the width of the cell and propagating along the cell axis.

Evidence for social learning in wild lemurs (Lemur catta).

Interest in social learning has been fueled by claims of culture in wild animals. These remain controversial because alternative explanations to social learning, such as asocial learning or ecological differences, remain difficult to refute. Compared with laboratory-based research, the study of social learning in natural contexts is in its infancy.

Measurement of the temperature profile of an exothermic autocatalytic reaction front.

Autocatalytic reactions may propagate as solitary waves, namely, at a constant front velocity and with a stationary concentration profile, resulting from a balance between molecular diffusion and chemical reaction. When the reaction is exothermic, a thermal wave is linked to the chemical front. As the thermal diffusivity is nearly two orders of magnitude larger than the molecular one, the temperature profile spreads over length scales (mm) two orders of magnitude larger than the concentration one.

Mixing and reaction fronts in laminar flows.

Autocatalytic reaction fronts between unreacted and reacted mixtures in the absence of fluid flow propagate as solitary waves. In the presence of imposed flow, the interplay between diffusion and advection enhances the mixing, leading to Taylor hydrodynamic dispersion. We present asymptotic theories in the two limits of small and large Thiele modulus (slow and fast reaction kinetics, respectively) that incorporate flow, diffusion, and reaction.

Crossing the elliptic region in a hyperbolic system with change-of-type behavior arisingin flow between two parallel plates.

Change-of-type behavior from hyperbolic to elliptic is common to quasilinear hyperbolic systems. This issue is addressed here for the particular case of miscible flow of three fluids between two parallel plates. Change of type occurs at the leading edge of the displacement front and reflects the failing of the equilibrium assumption, necessary for the quasilinear hyperbolic formalism, at the front.

Pattern of reaction diffusion fronts in laminar flows.

Autocatalytic reaction between reacted and unreacted species may propagate as solitary waves, namely, at a constant front velocity and with a stationary concentration profile, resulting from a balance between molecular diffusion and chemical reaction. The effect of advective flow on the autocatalytic reaction between iodate and arsenous acid in cylindrical tubes and Hele-Shaw cells is analyzed experimentally and numerically using lattice Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook simulations. We do observe the existence of solitary waves with concentration profiles exhibiting a cusp and we delineate the eikonal and mixing regimes recently predicted.

[First cases of cholera observed in children at the Befelatanana General Hospital--Antananarivo University Hospital Center (Madagascar)].

Ravages caused by cholera among children are well known. The disease invaded Madagascar in 1999 May. This retrospective study reported the first childhood cholera cases.

Buoyancy-driven instability of an autocatalytic reaction front in a Hele-Shaw cell.

An autocatalytic reaction-diffusion front between two reacting species may propagate as a solitary wave, namely, at constant velocity and with a stationary concentration profile. Recent experiments on such reactions have been reported to be buoyancy unstable, under certain conditions. We calculate the linear dispersion relation of the resulting instability, by applying our recent analysis of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability of two miscible fluids in a Hele-Shaw cell.